Thus, the House of Judah has retained its identity to this day, even during its captivity in Babylon. Over the centuries, they have always known that they belong to the House of Judah, while the House of Israel has lost its identity; not least because of this, it cannot preach about it. The ten tribes have become a large mixed people without their own identity.
The House of Judah maintained its connection to Zion/Jerusalem and felt alienated in exile. The House of Israel found a new home among the nations of the world. They did not weep when they thought of Zion
By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when we remembered Zion. We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. For there they that carried us away captive required of us a song; and they that wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion. How shall we sing the Lord's song in a strange land? If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. Ps 137:1-5
The connection to their roots and their homeland was completely severed.
Ezekiel describes the House of Israel in detail in a vision as a field full of dead bones:
The hand of the Lord was upon me, and carried me out in the spirit of the Lord, and set me down in the midst of the valley which was full of bones,... Again he said unto me, Prophesy upon these bones, and say unto them, O ye dry bones, hear the word of the Lord... Then he said unto me, Son of man, these bones are the whole house of Israel: behold, they say, Our bones are dried, and our hope is lost: we are cut off for our parts. Ezek 37:1, 4, 11
Bones are no longer identifiable; only when flesh grows over the bones can the corresponding person be identified again. Just as Joseph's dead bones were brought back to the land of Israel, so the dead bones of the ten lost tribes will be brought back to the land of Israel
Therefore prophesy and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord G-D; Behold, O my people, I will open your graves, and cause you to come up out of your graves, and bring you into the land of Israel. Ezek 37:12
During the process of opening the graves, that is, during the return to the land of Israel, the ten tribes will learn that He is their Elohim:
And ye shall know that I am the Lord, when I have opened your graves, O my people, and brought you up out of your graves, And shall put my spirit in you, and ye shall live, and I shall place you in your own land: then shall ye know that I the Lord have spoken it, and performed it, saith the Lord. Ezek 37:13-14
Until the return, there will be two distinct houses, the house of Judah and the house of Israel.
Judah is explicitly commissioned by G-d to lead the family:
The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be. Gen 49:10
Let us look at history to see how Judah accepted this leadership role and tried to fulfil it.
When the Israelites return from Egypt to the Promised Land, it is Judah who leads the entire people (based on the order of the camp). He leads the eastern part of the camp. After Joshua steps down, it is Judah whom G-d wants to lead in wars. Judah is expressly told to take charge:
Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass, that the children of Israel asked the Lord, saying, Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first, to fight against them? And the Lord said, Judah shall go up: behold, I have delivered the land into his hand. Judges 1:1-2
And the children of Israel arose, and went up to the house of G-d, and asked counsel of G-d, and said, Which of us shall go up first to the battle against the children of Benjamin? And the Lord said, Judah shall go up first. Judges 20:18
While the ten tribes in the north were separated from their covenant with G-d (cf. Jer 3), (the house of Israel separated itself through its Torah-less deeds from the Father), Judah was allowed to remain in the covenant despite its deeds, because they repeatedly repented and did penance! This is something the other tribes can learn a lot from.
As a result, Judah, Benjamin, Levi and many from the other tribes who had defected to Judah (cf. e.g. 2 Chr 15) called themselves ‘Jews’. Mordecai, for example, refers to himself as a Jew from the tribe of Benjamin (Est 2:5). This is important for us to know today. Over the centuries, many from the other tribes joined the house of Judah. However, the house of Judah primarily consists of the tribe of Judah. The division of Israel and the separation of the ten tribes from the covenant had another very significant consequence: the Sanhedrin (the supreme court) fell completely into the hands of the house of Judah!
Judah was blessed by G-d with a special task. And according to these verses, this task includes Judah's right to enact laws.
The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be. Gen 49:10
So until Shiloh comes (a reference to the Messiah) and all (!) peoples obey Him, Judah will possess this authority.
Jacob's blessing to Judah also contains the very interesting statement
The sceptre (Hebrew:
shebet)
shall not depart from Judah Gen 49:10a
Among other things, the word
shebet means ‘clan’ or ‘tribe’!
What does that mean?
On a deeper level, the verse says that the identification as a tribe/clan shall not depart from Judah! So while the other tribes lose their identity (they have mixed among the nations), Judah will always be recognisable as Judah!
Today's Jews represent the house of Judah.
The Torah imposes signs of the covenant on G-d's people. The most important of these are the Sabbath, the feast days and circumcision; cf. Gen 17:11; Ex. 31:13, 31:17, 13:3-9.
These signs of the covenant are observed by Jews to this day.
Today's Jews observe the days of fasting prophesied in Zechariah:
Thus saith the Lord of hosts; The fast of the fourth month, and the fast of the fifth, and the fast of the seventh, and the fast of the tenth, shall be to the house of Judah joy and gladness, and cheerful feasts; therefore love the truth and peace. Zec 8:19
Isaiah indirectly promised that the name Israel would pass to Judah. In this respect, it is no coincidence that today's state is not called Judah State or something similar, but Israel:
Hear ye this, O house of Jacob, which are called by the name of Israel, and are come forth out of the waters of Judah, Isa 48:1a
These points, together with the statement about tribal identification, are the clearest signs that the biblical references to the house of Judah must be attributed to today's Jews. No other ethnic group can claim to have this wealth of scriptural references applied to them.
In many places, it is stated that the house of Judah will return to the land of Israel. And this is exactly what we are witnessing today.