Lucifer and Satan are not the same
- General Theology
- 14 Replies
To be clear, my only objection, and its less of a rejection and more of a regret, is that the Latin word Lucifer has become the default Western “proper name” for the devil rather than the original Hebrew word “Heyel” or, most appropriately, simply referring to him as “The Adversary” (which is what Satan means).
It is regrettable because early Christian martyrs who died for Christ were named Lucifer or the Greek equivalent (Luciphoros) and there is even a Paschal hymn called the Exultet which refers to Christ as the light bearer.
Additionally the idea that the word is the proper name for the devil is really very strong in the English language, less so outside of Western Europe. The popularity of Milton’s Paradise Lost and later countercultural media further contributed to the unpleasant diabolicization of “Lucifer” and the eradication of collective memory of the Christian contexts of the name - references to Christ as the bringer of light (the true bringer of light; in this respect the devil is an imposter) and early Christian martyrs and the fourth century bishop St. Lucifer of Cagliari, who was by no means a devil worshipper (indeed, he was an admirer of Origen, and Origen was one of the first Christian theologians to highlight how Isaiah 14 was referring not just to King Nebuchadnezzar but to the devil).
Conversely, while we have managed to, through countercultural media, load the word Lucifer with an absurd amount of diabolical implication, we have also managed to ignore through popularization the strong connection between dragons and the devil. This largely happened in the late 20th century. For example, in 1959 we see Sleeping Beauty which had a clearly diabolical dragon being controlled by Maleficient, a diabolical female character, defeated by Prince Philip whose sword featured a prominent cross. Walt Disney was actually Christian and consistently referred to the devil as “that old dragon”, for example when talking about his animation of “The Night on Bald Mountain” by the Russian composer Mussorgsky. But by the 1970s we started seeing massive numbers of friendly dragons in the media and the dragons were a major theme in “The Game of Thrones” for example.
Meanwhile among my Romanian Orthodox friends, with the exception of one strange youth who was less Orthodox Christian and more of a hardcore Romanian nationalist who admired the man (despite him being ethnically German-Hungarian), Prince Vlad the Impaler also known as Vlad Dracul, a real historical figure who inspired “Dracula” but who was not actually a vampire (but he was a monstrous war criminal whose atrocities were so horrifying as to cause the Turkish Sultan to turn back in horror, and given the Ottoman Empire’s later enthusiasm for atrocities (performed by mercenaries called the “Bashi Bazouks” which means “broken heads” in the context of “evil demented people’”, its possible that they may well have gotten the idea from Vlad Dracul - at any rate, my Romanian Orthodox friends thought the name referred to the devil and only on reflection recalled that Dracul could also mean “dragon” in a more generic sense, but by default, Dragon and Devil are essentially synonymous among the Romanians and were historically largely synonymous even in English, as we see from the speech of Walt Disney.
The use of “Lucifer” to translate the Hebrew word “Heyel” was a deliberate choice by Latin translators of the Vetus Latina and later of St. Jerome in translating the Vulgate, in that it preserved the masculine gender associated with Nebuchadnezzar.
However I would argue that another viable translation in the present day would be “Venus” provided one was clear one was referring to the planet, which is actually the planet being referred to by Heyel, and also to idolatry and false gods generally, and not specifically just to the deity Venus, but if we look at Psalms 96:5 “The gods of the gentiles are idols” and the more interesting Septuagint translation (which may well be, like so much of the Septuagint, an older alternative reading) “The gods of the nations are demons” which is rendered as “devils” in some translations such as the Challoner Douai Rheims. Both are correct, since the false gods worshipped by non-Christians are in all cases idols of the devil or of diabolical origin or confusion. Thus linking the word explicitly to a pagan deity via the planet named after that deity that Heyel was referring to would be an interesting and literally accurate way of translating Isaiah 14:12, to render the word Lucifer as “Venus.” But it would be necessary in doing so to clarify the rationale of the translation and also to avoid appearing to feminize Nebuchadnezzar (while sexual immorality including sexually ambiguous hieratic temple servants did exist in ancient Babylon, as far as I am aware Nebuchadnezzar was not himself effeminate or homosexual, although he might well have engaged in homosexual activity as this kind of decadent behavior was common in antiquity, but without definite proof we don’t want to imply that in the context of Nebuchadnezzar. In the case of the devil however, since being a fallen angel he is not a being capable of reproduction, it could serve as a poignant reminder that the gods of the gentiles are demons (which we Christians need to remember as an evangelical imperative - the fact is that some liberal Christians who have de-emphasized the propagation of the faith are greatly misguided - although conversely it would not be productive as a means of conversion to try to convince non-Christians that they are engaging in diabolatry, even accidentally, indeed that would cause so much offense as to shut them down and preclude conversion in many cases.
In the Orthodox Church we like to avoid negative proselytism altogether.
It is regrettable because early Christian martyrs who died for Christ were named Lucifer or the Greek equivalent (Luciphoros) and there is even a Paschal hymn called the Exultet which refers to Christ as the light bearer.
Additionally the idea that the word is the proper name for the devil is really very strong in the English language, less so outside of Western Europe. The popularity of Milton’s Paradise Lost and later countercultural media further contributed to the unpleasant diabolicization of “Lucifer” and the eradication of collective memory of the Christian contexts of the name - references to Christ as the bringer of light (the true bringer of light; in this respect the devil is an imposter) and early Christian martyrs and the fourth century bishop St. Lucifer of Cagliari, who was by no means a devil worshipper (indeed, he was an admirer of Origen, and Origen was one of the first Christian theologians to highlight how Isaiah 14 was referring not just to King Nebuchadnezzar but to the devil).
Conversely, while we have managed to, through countercultural media, load the word Lucifer with an absurd amount of diabolical implication, we have also managed to ignore through popularization the strong connection between dragons and the devil. This largely happened in the late 20th century. For example, in 1959 we see Sleeping Beauty which had a clearly diabolical dragon being controlled by Maleficient, a diabolical female character, defeated by Prince Philip whose sword featured a prominent cross. Walt Disney was actually Christian and consistently referred to the devil as “that old dragon”, for example when talking about his animation of “The Night on Bald Mountain” by the Russian composer Mussorgsky. But by the 1970s we started seeing massive numbers of friendly dragons in the media and the dragons were a major theme in “The Game of Thrones” for example.
Meanwhile among my Romanian Orthodox friends, with the exception of one strange youth who was less Orthodox Christian and more of a hardcore Romanian nationalist who admired the man (despite him being ethnically German-Hungarian), Prince Vlad the Impaler also known as Vlad Dracul, a real historical figure who inspired “Dracula” but who was not actually a vampire (but he was a monstrous war criminal whose atrocities were so horrifying as to cause the Turkish Sultan to turn back in horror, and given the Ottoman Empire’s later enthusiasm for atrocities (performed by mercenaries called the “Bashi Bazouks” which means “broken heads” in the context of “evil demented people’”, its possible that they may well have gotten the idea from Vlad Dracul - at any rate, my Romanian Orthodox friends thought the name referred to the devil and only on reflection recalled that Dracul could also mean “dragon” in a more generic sense, but by default, Dragon and Devil are essentially synonymous among the Romanians and were historically largely synonymous even in English, as we see from the speech of Walt Disney.
The use of “Lucifer” to translate the Hebrew word “Heyel” was a deliberate choice by Latin translators of the Vetus Latina and later of St. Jerome in translating the Vulgate, in that it preserved the masculine gender associated with Nebuchadnezzar.
However I would argue that another viable translation in the present day would be “Venus” provided one was clear one was referring to the planet, which is actually the planet being referred to by Heyel, and also to idolatry and false gods generally, and not specifically just to the deity Venus, but if we look at Psalms 96:5 “The gods of the gentiles are idols” and the more interesting Septuagint translation (which may well be, like so much of the Septuagint, an older alternative reading) “The gods of the nations are demons” which is rendered as “devils” in some translations such as the Challoner Douai Rheims. Both are correct, since the false gods worshipped by non-Christians are in all cases idols of the devil or of diabolical origin or confusion. Thus linking the word explicitly to a pagan deity via the planet named after that deity that Heyel was referring to would be an interesting and literally accurate way of translating Isaiah 14:12, to render the word Lucifer as “Venus.” But it would be necessary in doing so to clarify the rationale of the translation and also to avoid appearing to feminize Nebuchadnezzar (while sexual immorality including sexually ambiguous hieratic temple servants did exist in ancient Babylon, as far as I am aware Nebuchadnezzar was not himself effeminate or homosexual, although he might well have engaged in homosexual activity as this kind of decadent behavior was common in antiquity, but without definite proof we don’t want to imply that in the context of Nebuchadnezzar. In the case of the devil however, since being a fallen angel he is not a being capable of reproduction, it could serve as a poignant reminder that the gods of the gentiles are demons (which we Christians need to remember as an evangelical imperative - the fact is that some liberal Christians who have de-emphasized the propagation of the faith are greatly misguided - although conversely it would not be productive as a means of conversion to try to convince non-Christians that they are engaging in diabolatry, even accidentally, indeed that would cause so much offense as to shut them down and preclude conversion in many cases.
In the Orthodox Church we like to avoid negative proselytism altogether.
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