In this post, I will argue that the Antichrist actually has a first reign, leaves political office, only to return to reign again in a stronger fashion. While this may seem far-fetched, its not as weird as it sounds considering the views of some futurist writers.
Other than the book of Revelation, the book of Daniel talks the most about the ten-horned beast. As a result, I will derive much interpretation from that book.
I will go verse by verse to make the argument.
The point here is that the beast only has 7 heads. We will revisit this point later on.
The Revelation beast:
Some dispensational commentators have said that this refers to the death and resurrection of the beast, also mentioned in Revelation 13 (Robert Thomas and others). While I agree that the Antichrist dies and rises again, this particular verse doesn't seem to be referring to the death and resurrection of the Antichrist. If we consistently apply the time frames, "was, and is not, and will come" has to apply from the perspective of John's day, that is, the time of Revelation's writing. This will be evidenced below.
9 Here is the mind which has wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains upon which the woman sits, 10 and they are seven kings; five have fallen, one is, the other has not yet come; and when he comes, he must remain a little while. (Revelation 17:9)
The beast has seven heads. These are said to represent:
"Five have fallen" - that is, five kings/kingdoms had fallen prior to John's day
"One is" - that is, one was currently reigning at the time of John
"the other has not yet come" - that is, the next empire is future from John's perspective
So far so good. This wouldn't be so confusing, if it weren't for the next verse.
The phrase "one of the seven" means that the beast comes from the group of 7. "One" is italicized in NASB because its not in the original text, but is implied. Other times we see this construct in Greek, it seems to refer to a member of that group, with the additional implication that the individual originates from that group. See for example, Peter's denial of Christ in the list of verses above. People accuse him of being one of the disciples, without using the word "one." Namely, he is "of" the disciples. He is one of them, but also originates from them. Other times in Revelation "one of" is used to describe someone from a group, but it is not so here. In any case, the 8th king is one of the seven because he originates from that group and there are only 7 heads.
This has led some futurist commentators to say that the Antichrist more or less has two phases to his rule.
Revelation 17:12-18 seems to repeat that the ten kings give their kingdom to the Antichrist. But does it though? Gaps are common in prophecy (see Zechariah 9:9-10). This repetition may indicate power is transferred in two phases.
In the first instance, only power and authority is given to the beast. In the second instance, "kingdom" (NASB) or "royal power" (ESV) is given to the beast. Furthermore, the first instance does not mention hatred of Babylon as a motivating factor, whereas the second one does.
That's all for now. Let me know your thoughts.
Other than the book of Revelation, the book of Daniel talks the most about the ten-horned beast. As a result, I will derive much interpretation from that book.
7 And the angel said to me, “Why do you wonder? I will tell you the mystery of the woman and of the beast that carries her, which has the seven heads and the ten horns.
8 “The beast that you saw was, and is not, and is about to come up out of the abyss and go to destruction. And those who live on the earth, whose names have not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, will wonder when they see the beast, that he was, and is not, and will come. 9 Here is the mind which has wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains upon which the woman sits, 10 and they are seven kings; five have fallen, one is, the other has not yet come; and when he comes, he must remain a little while. 11 The beast which was, and is not, is himself also an eighth and is one of the seven, and he goes to destruction. (Revelation 17:7-11)
8 “The beast that you saw was, and is not, and is about to come up out of the abyss and go to destruction. And those who live on the earth, whose names have not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, will wonder when they see the beast, that he was, and is not, and will come. 9 Here is the mind which has wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains upon which the woman sits, 10 and they are seven kings; five have fallen, one is, the other has not yet come; and when he comes, he must remain a little while. 11 The beast which was, and is not, is himself also an eighth and is one of the seven, and he goes to destruction. (Revelation 17:7-11)
I will go verse by verse to make the argument.
7 And the angel said to me, “Why do you wonder? I will tell you the mystery of the woman and of the beast that carries her, which has the seven heads and the ten horns. (Revelation 17:7)
And also:
Then I saw a beast coming up out of the sea, having ten horns and seven heads, and on his horns were ten crowns, and on his heads were blasphemous names. (Revelation 13:1b)
The point here is that the beast only has 7 heads. We will revisit this point later on.
8 “The beast that you saw was, and is not, and is about to come up out of the abyss and go to destruction. (Revelation 17:8a)
The Revelation beast:
- “was” - this demon existed in the past prior to John’s day
- “is not” - this demon was not active during the time of John writing Revelation
- “is about to come up out of the abyss” - this demon will leave the abyss and become active again in the future
- “and go to destruction” - this demon will meet his final end at the return of Christ
- Daniel 7 & 8 both portray Antiochus and the Antichrist as a “little” horn
- Daniel 8 predicts the evil reign of Antiochus, only to go on talking as if he is active in the end times as well
- Daniel 11:31 talks about how Antiochus will set up the abomination that causes desolation. But Daniel 12 (and Jesus in Matthew 24) relate this action to an end time event.
- Daniel 11:35-36 transitions from Antiochus to Antichrist without missing a beat
- Daniel 11 demonstrates that both Antichrist and Antiochus have a war with Egypt
And those who live on the earth, whose names have not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, will wonder when they see the beast, that he was, and is not, and will come. (Revelation 17:8b)
Some dispensational commentators have said that this refers to the death and resurrection of the beast, also mentioned in Revelation 13 (Robert Thomas and others). While I agree that the Antichrist dies and rises again, this particular verse doesn't seem to be referring to the death and resurrection of the Antichrist. If we consistently apply the time frames, "was, and is not, and will come" has to apply from the perspective of John's day, that is, the time of Revelation's writing. This will be evidenced below.
9 Here is the mind which has wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains upon which the woman sits, 10 and they are seven kings; five have fallen, one is, the other has not yet come; and when he comes, he must remain a little while. (Revelation 17:9)
The beast has seven heads. These are said to represent:
- 7 mountains
- 7 kings
17 ‘These great beasts, which are four in number, are four kings who will arise from the earth. (Daniel 7:17)
Some may worry about a "double symbolism" here, since this is the interpretation of the vision, not the vision itself. However, just because its the interpretation does not mean it is devoid of metaphorical terms. For example, the angel mentions the prostitute and the beast in the interpretation. The idolatrous city Babylon is not literally a prostitute, and the Antichrist is not literally a wild animal.
"Five have fallen" - that is, five kings/kingdoms had fallen prior to John's day
1) Egypt
2) Assyria
3) Babylon
4) Medo-Persia
5) Greece
2) Assyria
3) Babylon
4) Medo-Persia
5) Greece
"One is" - that is, one was currently reigning at the time of John
6) Rome
"the other has not yet come" - that is, the next empire is future from John's perspective
7) Revived Rome
"and when he comes, he must remain a little while" - the 7th king will have a limited or brief reign. Other translations attest to this meaning. Furthermore, the pronoun "he" indicates that this 7th king is a particular individual, not just an office.
These 7 can't be Roman emperors, because:- There were more than 5 Roman emperors prior to John writing Revelation
- The beast has characteristics of the previous three empires in Daniel 7, thus stretching back prior to Rome
- The dragon has seven heads and ten horns as well. This would include the idea that the heads span much of history, not just Rome
- The prostitute represents the idolatrous influence that Babylon has had throughout history, not just during the Roman Empire.
So far so good. This wouldn't be so confusing, if it weren't for the next verse.
11 The beast which was, and is not, is himself also an eighth and is one of the seven, and he goes to destruction.
The phrase "one of the seven" means that the beast comes from the group of 7. "One" is italicized in NASB because its not in the original text, but is implied. Other times we see this construct in Greek, it seems to refer to a member of that group, with the additional implication that the individual originates from that group. See for example, Peter's denial of Christ in the list of verses above. People accuse him of being one of the disciples, without using the word "one." Namely, he is "of" the disciples. He is one of them, but also originates from them. Other times in Revelation "one of" is used to describe someone from a group, but it is not so here. In any case, the 8th king is one of the seven because he originates from that group and there are only 7 heads.
This has led some futurist commentators to say that the Antichrist more or less has two phases to his rule.
- Robert Thomas says that this refers to the reign of the Antichrist, before and after his resurrection
- Mark Hitchock says the 7th king is the reunited Roman Empire in the form of the ten kings, while the 8th king is the Antichrist's empire
- J. Paul Tanner says something similar to Hitchcock as well
- George Eldon Ladd says that the Antichrist experiences two stages of existence
- There's no sense in calling the 7th king the 8th king if he merely gains more power, but stays the 7th king. It must refer to some additional or different office.
- The language in verse 8 does not refer to the Antichrist's death and resurrection. Therefore, we can't use that as the separation point between the 7th and 8th king stages. It must be something else (like a break from politics?)
- The 7th king is not said to go to destruction. He reigns a brief time, and apparently stops. It is the 8th that goes to destruction.
12 The ten horns which you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but they receive authority as kings with the beast for one hour. 13 These have one purpose, and they give their power and authority to the beast.
14 These will wage war against the Lamb, and the Lamb will overcome them because He is Lord of lords and King of kings; and those who are with Him are the called and chosen and faithful.”
15 And he *said to me, “The waters which you saw where the prostitute sits are peoples and multitudes, and nations and languages. 16 And the ten horns which you saw, and the beast, these will hate the prostitute and will make her desolate and naked, and will eat her flesh and will burn her up with fire. 17 For God has put it in their hearts to execute His purpose by having a common purpose, and by giving their kingdom to the beast, until the words of God will be fulfilled. 18 The woman whom you saw is the great city, which reigns over the kings of the earth.” (Revelation 17:12-18)
14 These will wage war against the Lamb, and the Lamb will overcome them because He is Lord of lords and King of kings; and those who are with Him are the called and chosen and faithful.”
15 And he *said to me, “The waters which you saw where the prostitute sits are peoples and multitudes, and nations and languages. 16 And the ten horns which you saw, and the beast, these will hate the prostitute and will make her desolate and naked, and will eat her flesh and will burn her up with fire. 17 For God has put it in their hearts to execute His purpose by having a common purpose, and by giving their kingdom to the beast, until the words of God will be fulfilled. 18 The woman whom you saw is the great city, which reigns over the kings of the earth.” (Revelation 17:12-18)
Revelation 17:12-18 seems to repeat that the ten kings give their kingdom to the Antichrist. But does it though? Gaps are common in prophecy (see Zechariah 9:9-10). This repetition may indicate power is transferred in two phases.
In the first instance, only power and authority is given to the beast. In the second instance, "kingdom" (NASB) or "royal power" (ESV) is given to the beast. Furthermore, the first instance does not mention hatred of Babylon as a motivating factor, whereas the second one does.
That's all for now. Let me know your thoughts.
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