YHVH spoke again to Moses, saying, "Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, 'YHVH'S appointed times which you shall proclaim as holy convocations - My appointed times are these: For six days work may be done, but on the seventh day there is a sabbath of complete rest, a holy convocation. You shall not do any work; it is a sabbath to YHVH in all your dwellings.'"
The CONTEXT of LEVITICUS 23 here are the appointed times of the ANNUAL FESTIVALS. These ANNUAL FESTIVALS are once a year events and includes days of HOLY CONVOCATION. A HOLY CONVOCATION in Hebrew means;
HOLY קדשׁ ; qôdesh From H6942; a sacred place or thing; rarely abstractly sanctity: - consecrated (thing), dedicated (thing), hallowed (thing), holiness, (X most) holy (X day, portion, thing), saint, sanctuary.
CONVOCATION מקרא; miqrâ'; From H7121; something called out, that is, a public meeting (the act, the persons, or the palce); also a rehearsal: - assembly, calling, convocation, reading.
So CONTEXT of LEVITICUS 23 is lising all the days of HOLY CONVOCATION for the ANNUAL FEASTIVALS. That are SACRED PUBLIC MEETINGS for the YEARLY FEAST DAYS.
God's 4th Commandments is a part of the ANNUAL FEAST days because many FEASTS were longer then 7 days or the FEASTS could start on any day depending on the YEARLY CYCLE.
The OLD and NEW TESTAMENT scriptures talk about a putting an END to the YEARLY FEASTIVALS. These scriptures are found. HERE...
1 CHRONICLES 23:31 and whenever (1)
burnt offerings were presented to the LORD on the (4)
Sabbaths, at the (3)
New Moon (2)
feasts and at the appointed festivals. They were to serve before the LORD regularly in the proper number and in the way prescribed for them.
2 CHRONICLES 2:4 [4] Now I am about to build a temple for the Name of the LORD my God and to dedicate it to him for burning fragrant incense before him, for setting out the consecrated bread regularly, and for making (1)
burnt offerings every morning and evening and on the (4)
Sabbaths, at the (3)
New Moons and at the appointed (2)
festivals of the LORD our God. This is a lasting ordinance for Israel.
NUMBERS 28 [9] And on the Sabbath day two lambs of the first year without spot, and two tenth deals of flour for a
MEAT OFFERING, mingled with oil, and the
DRINK OFFERING thereof: [10] This is the burnt offering of
EVERY SABBATH, beside the continual
BURN'T OFFERING, and his DRINK OFFERING.
HOSEA 2:11 [11], I will also cause all her mirth to CEASE, her FEAST DAYS,
her NEW MOONS, and HER SABBATHS, and all her SOLEMN FEASTS.
ISAIAH 1:10-14 [10] Hear the word of the LORD, ye rulers of Sodom; give ear unto the law of our God, ye people of Gomorrah.[11] To what purpose is the multitude of your sacrifices unto me? saith the LORD:
I AM FULL OF THE BURNT OFFERINGS of rams, and the fat of fed beasts; and I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of lambs, or of he goats.[12] When ye come to appear before me, who hath required this at your hand, to tread my courts?[13]
BRING NO MORE VAIN OBLATIONS; incense is an abomination unto me;
THE NEW MOONS AND SABBATHS,
THE CALLING OF ASSEMBLIES, I cannot away with; it is iniquity, even the solemn meeting.[14]
Your new moons and your APPOINTED FEASTS my soul hateth: they are a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear them.
EZEKIEL 45:17 [17] And it shall be the prince's part to give
BURNT OFFERINGS, and
MEAT OFFERINGS, and DRINK OFFERINGS, in the
FEASTS, and in the
NEW MOONS, and in the
SABBATHS, in all solemnities of the house of Israel: he shall prepare the sin offering, and the meat offering, and the burnt offering, and the peace offerings, to make reconciliation for the house of Israel.
PAUL is referencing these scriptures above from here...
COLOSSIANS 2:16 [16] Let no man therefore judge you in
MEAT, or in
DRINK, or in respect of an
HOLYDAY, or of the
NEW MOON, or of the
SABBATH DAY(S) <plural>:
It is the YEARLY days of HOLY CONVOCATION and the special ceremonial sabbaths connected to FEAST DAYS that were to come to an END not Gods 4th Commandment which is always a WEEKLY Sabbath (EVERY SEVEN DAYS).
The yearly ceremonial sabbaths that the Jews observed in connection with the Temple or Sanctuary were a shadow, or prophetic in nature, of future events. Every year the Jews were acting out the plan of salvation as demonstrated by the Temple sacrifices and ceremonies. The whole process was designed as a play of sorts, to explain to everyone the exact sequence of events in God's plan to redeem mankind. The focus of this plan, of course, is Jesus Christ in his role as the Lamb of God, as well as his role of High Priest or Mediator between God the Father and humanity.
It is essential that one have a basic understanding of the ceremonial calendar associated with the Hebrew Sanctuary. God intended the Sanctuary and it's services as an instructional tool to teach all people His plan of salvation, and I believe every Christian can benefit greatly from studying it. It has particular relevance near the end of time, because it lays out in detail the sequential process of events that God is using and will follow in the very near future.
In brief, these were the yearly ceremonial days observed and associated sabbaths.
Spring Calendar:
· Passover, The crucifixion, Jesus is God's Passover Lamb. (14 Nisan, not a Sabbath)
· Feast of Unleavened Bread (Pilgrimage to Jerusalem required for all men.) Putting away sin from one's life.
o Sabbath of 15 Nisan, 1st day of the feast.
o The Omer, first fruits of the barley harvest, 16 Nisan. Resurrection.
o Sabbath of 21 Nisan, 7th and last day of the feast.
· Feast of Weeks - Pentecost, a sabbath day 50 days after the Omer (Pilgrimage to Jerusalem required for all men.) Firstfruits of the wheat harvest. The outpouring of the Holy Spirit.
Fall Calendar:
· Trumpets, Sabbath of 1 Tishri, Announcement of impending judgment.
· Day of Atonement, Sabbath of 10 Tishri, The pre-Advent Judgment.
· Feast of Tabernacles (Pilgrimage to Jerusalem required for all men.) The ingathering of God's people - the second coming.
o Sabbath of 15 Tishri, 1st day of Tabernacles, freed from the bondage of sin.
o Sabbath of 22 Tishri, 8th and last day of Tabernacles.
Prior to the incarnation of Jesus and his crucifixion, all the above festivals awaited their fulfillment. They were what are called "types". They were symbolic of specific events yet to come. The event that is foretold is referred to as the "antitype". In the New Testament, the Greek words corresponding to type and antitype are:
G5179. tupos, too'-pos; from G5180; a die (as struck), i.e. (by impl.) a stamp or scar; by anal. a shape, i.e. a statue, (fig.) style or resemblance; spec. a sampler ("type"), i.e. a model (for imitation) or instance (for warning):--en- (ex-) ample, fashion, figure, form, manner, pattern, print.
G499. antitupon, an-teet'-oo-pon; neut. of a comp. of G473 and G5179; corresponding ["antitype"], i.e. a representative, counterpart:--(like) figure (whereunto).
The "shadow" or "type" itself had no substance, but rather pointed to a future event that would have substance, the "antitype". For example, slaying the Passover lamb is the type, the crucifixion of Jesus is the antitype.
Hope this helps.