The notion that science has determined that masks are going to save us from Chinese Coronavirus (or any other disease) is utter tosh. Anyone telling you science is settled on any issue should raise a red flag. On masks, science isn't close to settled.
Sure, let's take a look at each of these articles, though this does feel awfully like a Gish Gallop.
This was regarding hospital workers, not regular people; obviously the situations they are in is quite different. It should further be noted that the link has a more recent follow-up from the authors in which they say that even if (for hospital workers) cloth masks are not particularly effective,
they are still better than not wearing a mask at all.
Firstly, the article is obviously quite out of date (it's from 1920!)... in fact, it's so old I am left wondering how similar the "gauze masks" it is discussing are to our modern cloth masks. But setting that aside, the study did not show masks to be useless. It noted they did have an effect. Its conclusion was that it did not have
enough of an effect to warrant
compulsory application. Whatever relevance it may have on the question of requiring people to wear masks, it does not support the claim that masks are useless.
This is the exact same link as the first you gave.
Other studies show cloth masks useless compared to surgical masks, even the latter are questionable.
They include:
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bio/23/2/23_61/_pdf/-char/en
The point of this study appears not to be actual testing of the effectiveness of masks, but rather a discussion of how to make penetration tests (i.e. testing the efficiency of masks) better. But let's look at the penetration it gives on the nonwoven material used in the tests. There were two unwoven materials tested, "sample 1" being "Spunbond/Meltblown/Spunbond[SMS]-type" and "sample 2" being "Spunlace-type." The first gave fairly little protection, with about a 75-85% penetration rate for influenza, but the other only had 18-20%, which seems pretty good. I am not sure which types of masks correspond to which of these samples.
In any event, this really doesn't say much about the effectiveness of surgical masks, as that wasn't the purpose of the study and if you do insist on getting such a thing out of it, the answer would be "well, it depends on the material." It cannot be used as an indictment on masks in general.
This one does say that medical masks are
inferior to N95 masks, but where do you get the idea that the medical masks are "useless" compared to them from?
To read this article in full requires a subscription or a purchasing of the article, neither of which I am interested in doing just for the purpose of a message board discussion. However, even in the abstract it states "The wearing of face masks by
non-scrubbed staff working in an operating room with forced ventilation seems to be unnecessary." Non-scrubbed staff means those that aren't assisting closely enough with the surgery that the normal "scrubbing" is necessary. The test, therefore, seems to be the question of whether they need to wear masks in order to protect the patient when they are standing away from it, and it noted that from one meter away it didn't seem like they could. However, it also mentions that due to the forced ventilation, the air was moved away from the operating table--what of areas where that isn't the case? (this presumably was why it added the qualification of "with forced ventilation") And we're also talking about people from a meter--about 3 feet--away, not exactly close up.
Obviously some of this is supposition as I can only access the abstract, but the abstract certainly does not appear to back up your claim.
This was a test for, if masks designed to stop bacteria are unavailable, how effective substitutes are. For example, it compares how good a T-shirt, sweatshirt, towel, or scarf is. Of course, the important thing here is not those, but the cloth masks. But note what it says here about the masks:
"The commercial cloth masks were advertised as pollution and allergen masks and did not make any claim as to their effectiveness for submicron-size particles."
So these aren't necessarily the masks we're looking for. Even if they are, it still does conclude they provided a "marginal" protection which is of course still something.
Masks are associated with oxygen deprivation and increased rates of infection according to these studies:
[Effect of a surgical mask on six minute walking distance] - PubMed
This one is only an abstract, but it says nothing of oxygen deprivation; just that it increased dyspnea (labored breathing), which is sort of expected. Heck,
exercising induces dyspnea more severe than what you'll get from walking around in a mask. But it says nothing about oxygen deprivation, which you made the claim for.
Again, only an abstract. But this is just a declaration that it's a bad idea to
exercise while wearing a face mask. It says nothing of face masks being worn under normal, non-exercising circumstances.
Yet again, only an abstract. But from the abstract, I don't see how this relates at all to anything, unless we're supposed to be taking the statement of "Filtering facepiece respirators may become contaminated with influenza when used during patient care" to be a statement of increased rate of infection. But how is it? If it is saying that the respirators could become infected... isn't that kind of the point? That any germs would end up on it
instead of actually on you?
Abstract only. This does discuss problems of lack of oxygen, but it's for wearing N95 masks (which are quite "heavy-duty" and usually not the masks worn by the general public) for
hours on end.
Another abstract only so I can't fully examine the article to check on some questions that I have about its methodologies, but this is again about N95 masks, not the normal masks people wear.
A 2015 British study on surgical masks revealed masks don't really protect patient or surgeon very much. And that's in sterile settings.
Unmasking the surgeons: the evidence base behind the use of facemasks in surgery
Well, first off, this wasn't really a study, but a
review of past studies. Essentially, it argues that past studies showing surgical masks as having been useful for preventing infection during surgery are outdated. It concludes, in fact:
"It is important not to construe an absence of evidence for effectiveness with evidence for the absence of effectiveness. While there is a lack of evidence supporting the effectiveness of facemasks, there is similarly a lack of evidence supporting their ineffectiveness."
Note more specifically this is referring to the specific case of facemasks during surgery, rather than "general" mask usage (whether by healthcare workers in a hospital or by regular people outside of the hospital). It's interesting you note "and that's in sterile settings" as if that makes the point stronger, but it actually would seem to do the opposite--in a sterile setting, there could be less reason to wear a mask due to there being far fewer germs around.
Finally, one New England Journal of Medicine editorial acknowledged the uselessness of masks but demanded universal masking nonetheless less for its placebo effect.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2006372
Except
on that very page you link to, there's a link to a follow-up clarifying some of the points that they think people misunderstood:
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2020836
"We did state in the article that “wearing a mask outside health care facilities offers little, if any, protection from infection,” but as the rest of the paragraph makes clear, we intended this statement to apply to passing encounters in public spaces, not sustained interactions within closed environments. A growing body of research shows that the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is strongly correlated with the duration and intensity of contact: the risk of transmission among household members can be as high as 40%, whereas the risk of transmission from less intense and less sustained encounters is below 5%. This finding is also borne out by recent research associating mask wearing with less transmission of SARS-CoV-2, particularly in closed settings. We therefore strongly support the calls of public health agencies for all people to wear masks when circumstances compel them to be within 6 ft of others for sustained periods."
(footnotes omitted)
So there you go. Not sure how useful this examination will be given we're over 15 pages in so I'm not sure how many people will actually see this post of mine, but maybe it will be of use for someone.