Hello Leevo!
I'm excited you're thinking about this and thank you for the fantastic questions!
For a concise yet thorough overview of salvation and election as held by the Lutheran Church, I can recommend what is formally confessed in the
Formula of Concord, which consists of two documents:
A brief version called the
Epitome:
www.lutherancodex.com
And an expanded version called the
Solid Declaration:
www.lutherancodex.com
If it's helpful, I can add this:
All churches believe in holy mysteries, even if they disagree on the language concerning it. The fact that God is Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, is a holy mystery. The fact that Jesus is fully man and fully God is a holy mystery. That is, there's no analogy in nature, no comparison, no experience we can draw on to make logical sense of the Holy Trinity. Yet, we all believe and confess it, because it's divinely revealed to us through Christ. And again, the two natures of Christ is beyond our ability to reason, for according to logic, that which is finite cannot contain that which is infinite. But the Bible refers to the man Jesus of Nazareth, the Son of Mary, as GOD, YHWH. This is an article of faith that received by all Christian churches. The Trinity and the two natures of Christ, then, are two examples of where faith governs reason among all Christians.
Now, in the Lutheran Church, we hold that the mystery of God is not only constrained by the nature of God but extends to His works! His works of creation, of miracles, providence, the Church, the Sacraments, the resurrection, and even salvation! For us, these are all articles of faith, things properly received by faith. So in the same way we receive the two natures of Christ by faith, we also receive salvation by faith. This is why we can hold that salvation is entirely from God, but that damnation is entirely merited by sinful man. The Bible says Christ atoned for all sin and yet that not all are saved, and we say: Amen!
The best Biblical summary that I know of, that speaks of salvation, election, and the connection to good works, is found in Ephesians 2 — it's just a beautiful and wonderfully rich text!
Speaking of Christians, the saints (Ephesians 1:1), the elect (Ephesians 1:3-5), the Holy Spirit through St. Paul says that we were
dead in the trespasses and sins. This is a very powerful image and not merely symbolic. It's a profound explanation of the spiritual reality of all who reject God by their unbelief. (Cf. Luke 9:59–60; Luke 15:24; John 11:43–44; Revelation 3:1–2; and Jesus' words that we have to be born again / born from above in John 3)
It can be helpful to consider the image of a corpse, the reality of being spiritually dead, in connection to human will and the OT sacrificial system. A dead person cannot will or chose himself to life, let alone work for or merit it! The only thing he can do is to rot and defile, to make things spiritually unclean. But the good news, literally, the Gospel, is that Jesus makes us clean and holy, and just as He called Lazarus out of the grave, He also calls us to life by means of His Word. Ephesians 2:8-10, the great summary of salvation and Christian living, reads:
"For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast. For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand, that we should walk in them."
Or to quote John: Christians
"become children of God, who were born, not of blood nor of the will of the flesh nor of the will of man, but of God."
Thanks be to God!
Joyfully in Christ,
Bp. Daniel Nilsen