After Studying these things for 46 years, since 1971, here are my conclusions.
The "first resurrection" will take place "after the great tribulation," on the "last day" of the "days of the sounding of the last trump."
What and when is the "first resurrection?" No resurrections can occur prior to it. The first of a series.
What and when is the "last day?" No days follow. The last of a series of days. In this case, the last day of the days of the sounding of the seventh trump.
What and when is the "last trump?" No trumps follow it. The last of a series of trumps.
Just let scripture interpret itself:
John 11:
24 Martha saith unto him, I know that he shall rise again in the resurrection at the last day.
John 6:39:
And this is the Father's will which hath sent me, that of all which he hath given me I should lose nothing, but should raise it up again at the last day.
John 6:
40 And this is the will of him that sent me, that every one which seeth the Son, and believeth on him, may have everlasting life: and I will raise him up at the last day.
John 6:
44 No man can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him: and I will raise him up at the last day.
John 6:
54 Whoso eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day.
It cannot be refuted that the resurrection of believers is going to take place on the "last day." Not 3 and 1/2, 7, 13, or any other number of days/years before the last day. It will occur on the last day.
The question is "the last day of what?"
We must conclude that this is the last day of the series of days where salvation is determined by faith in Jesus, IOWs the current days of grace. The context of these verses, all of which involve salvation, forces us to conclude that this is the "last day" of what many refer to as the age of grace, or the church age. The age that follows this day will be the millennial age, discussed next. We will not get dogmatic about dispensationalism... suffice to say the current age will different than the next age. We shall see that this will be on the "last day" of "the days" of the sounding of the 7th trump.
When is the first resurrection?
Revelation 20
5 But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection.
6 Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years.
This is the resurrection of believers, those who will reign with Christ.
Read this in context by reading all Revelation 20.
This occurs just prior to the beginning of the "millennium." It is impossible to read these chapters and those preceding it and conclude that the "first resurrection" which takes place on "the last day" can be at any other time other than immediately prior to the millennium. It is not three and a half, seven, or 13 years. None of those theories will work within the plain and simple statements of scripture. It is on the Last Day... not 7 years or any other number of days before the last day.
The "first resurrection" takes place on "the last day" when the "last trump" is sounding.
1 Corinthians 15:
51 Behold, I shew you a mystery; We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed,
52 In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed.
The "last trump" by definition is the last in predefined series of trumps. Trumps had to have occurred before it and none after it (in that series). We would suggest that this clearly refers to the last, or 7th, of the 7 trumps sounding in the book of Revelation. Looking at the events of the 7th trump:
Revelation of John 10:7:
But in the days of the voice of the seventh angel, when he shall begin to sound, the mystery of God should be finished, as he hath declared to his servants the prophets.
So we see in in the days of the seventh trump.. something very momentous occurs. The finishing of of a time referred to as "the mystery of God" previously mentioned in 1 Corinthians 15 as "I shew you a mystery." Note that Rev 10:7 says that the events of the 7th trumpet are going to take place over a period of "days" not just one "day." The last of these "days" will be the "last day." It is no co-incident that this "last day" is also the day of the "first resurrection" and the day that the resurrected saints are rewarded.
What follows in the rest of chapter 10 and then 11 is an expansion of what is occurring during the "days" of the 7th trump's sounding. Observe:
Rev 11:
18 And the nations were angry, and thy wrath is come, and the time of the dead, that they should be judged, and that thou shouldest give reward unto thy servants the prophets, and to the saints, and them that fear thy name, small and great; and shouldest destroy them which destroy the earth.
This is a reference to the coming first resurrection, taking place on the last day of the days of the sounding of the 7th trump. The saints have been raised and the "judgement seat of Christ" has come. This understanding assumes a widely held understanding that the 7 bowls are a part of the 7th trumpet, and the 7 trumpets are included in the 7th seal.
Hence it can be said that the events of the 7 bowls are all part of the days of the 7th trumpet, and the prophesied events that are to take place during the days if the sounding of the 7th (last) trump include the bowls, the "great tribulation," the "last day," the "first resurrection," and the taking of the nations by our Lord and savior. All these happen during the days of the sounding of the 7th, or last trump.
Jesus Sums It All Up: Matthew 24
Matthew 24:
21 For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be. 22 And except those days should be shortened, there should no flesh be saved: but for the elect's sake those days shall be shortened.
Fact - The topic here is the Great Tribulation. There will have been none worse before it therefore: Everything that happens here is after that Great Tribulation.
Fact - The days are being cut short, meaning that time is ceased and the last day is proclaimed. Hence making the current day the last day. what is described here IS the last day.
Matthew 24
27 For as the lightning cometh out of the east, and shineth even unto the west; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. 28 For wheresoever the carcase is, there will the eagles be gathered together. 29 Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken: 30 And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven: and then shall all the tribes of the earth mourn, and they shall see the Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. 31 And he shall send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other.
This is a description of the last day, the day when it is decided to stop all days and end it. It is AFTER the (great and greatest) tribulation. It is after the battle of Armageddon. It is after the darkening of the sun and moon. At the sound of the (last) trump the Lord appears in the sky and the angels are dispatched to gather the living saints from the 4 corners of the earth, and the deceased saints from heaven. This can only be the last resurrection.. also know as the "rapture."
This coincides perfectly with Joel's vision of the last days when the Lord returns:
Joel 2:
30 And I will shew wonders in the heavens and in the earth, blood, and fire, and pillars of smoke. 31 The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and the terrible day of the LORD come.
The "Last Day," the day upon which it is declared that the "days would be shortened" is clearly pronounced as the day the 7th trump is sounded.
Revelation 10:
5 And the angel which I saw stand upon the sea and upon the earth lifted up his hand to heaven, 6 And sware by him that liveth for ever and ever, who created heaven, and the things that therein are, and the earth, and the things that therein are, and the sea, and the things which are therein, that there should be time no longer: 7 But in the days of the voice of the seventh angel, when he shall begin to sound, the mystery of God should be finished, as he hath declared to his servants the prophets
Therefore during the days of the sounding of the 7th trumpet it will be decided that the days must be cut short to save the elect... that day will be the "last day."
All this of course coincides exactly with what Joel said would happen just prior to the "great and terrible day of the Lord."
Joel 2:
31 The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and the terrible day of the LORD come.
This is a very short summary - the mountain tops of this teaching. It all is based on the four facts from scripture:
The "first resurrection" will take place "after the great tribulation," on the "last day" of the "days of sounding" of the "last trump."
After the many years of study... I see it very difficult to take these clear and obvious statements in any other way. The timing and chronology seems very precise and the events very well defined. Impossible to shuffle these events around in any other way than what they clearly say.
Blessings.
Dids