he is a Jew who is one inwardly; and circumcision is of the heart, by the Spirit,
so circumcision is not a physical act of legal code but rather of the heart? That's interesting because circumcision (the physical act) is a signed covenant of flesh for an everlasting covenant between God and his people (Gen 17). Sabbath is also a signed covenant between God and his people (Ex 31:13). Could Sabbath also be something beyond mere legal code? could that also mean that Sabbath as a legal code is nothing, just as circumcision as legal code is nothing (1 Cor 7:19)?
I already know what you're thinking, let's quote the whole of that verse.
1 Cor 7:19
Circumcision is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing. Keeping God’s commands is what counts.
so what is "God's commandment"? What it's not is circumcision, that part is clear, yet circumcision is an explicit commandment of the Abrahamic Covenant.
Galatians can help us understand the context of "God's Commandments"
Gal 5:6
For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any value. The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love.
Gal 6:15
Neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything; what counts is the new creation.
1 Cor 7:19, Gal 5:6 and Gal 6:15 are all addressing the same thing. We can draw the following conclusions from a harmony of these texts
circumcision/uncircumcision
- is nothing (1 Cor 7:19)
- neither has any value (Gal 5:6)
- neither mean anything (Gal 6:15)
This is then constrasted with what does have value, meaning or as the text says "what counts"
- Keeping God’s commands is what counts (1 Cor 7:19)
- The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love. (Gal 5:6)
- What counts is the new creation (Gal 6:15)
the former part is addressing the same thing, that circumcision is nothing. Its contrasted conclusion of what has value is also addressing the same thing (if it's not then Paul is at odds with himself)
Keeping God’s commands = faith expressing itself through love = the new creation
The context is not old covenant law, not the old creation. it is faith through Jesus Christ which is the new creation.
the term "new creation" itself parallels the old creation (this should be self evident) The Genesis creation account can be read as a new creation metaphor. Broadly speaking creation starts from a dark void of chaos where light is spoken into, reshaped, and filled so that life can multiply and finally ends in rest. each day has parallels to each other in a chiastic pattern which already is an allusion to beyond the physical. Day 7 contrasts before day 1 with concepts like empty/full, light/darkness, incomplete/complete, unformed/formed, chaos/order, etc... Indeed, day 7 is the antithesis of before day 1, (dare I say it's the answer), and this is by design. This can be viewed as the process of salvation upon our own lives with a goal that ends in rest as God spoke light into the darkness for each and every believer.
God doesn't rest because he is tired which is an anti-god characteristic, he rests because he is finished. Sabbath may mean "cease" as well. And God "ceased" because the creation was complete. For this reason, biblically speaking the number 7 is regarded as a perfect number of completion. And this too is the goal for each of us, the work of Christ, his new creation, is complete which ushers in his rest. For example James 1:4 "Let perseverance finish its work so that you may be mature and complete, not lacking anything". "completion" "perfect" and "mature" these are the words used by James. They are the work complete, Christ's work, a 7th-day rest in man.
Should it be any surprise the creation account is more than its surface components? That light and darkness are metaphors? If you're still gasping it may come to a surprise that this is also biblically revealed to us (I didn't just make it up) that creation is in fact a metaphor for the new creation. (wording like that seems a little obvious).
2 Cor 4:6
For God, who said, “Let light shine out of darkness,” made his light shine in our hearts to give us the light of the knowledge of God’s glory displayed in the face of Christ.
creation is indeed a salvation metaphor and we can use Paul's words as a heuristic to understand the true meaning of creation. the law is made to echo this message, but the message is not legal code, it's the work of Christ in our lives that when complete we are made whole, his sabbath rest.
2 Corinthians has more to say:
(5:17) Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, the new creation has come: The old has gone, the new is here!
The old what? the old creation of course. So we do not look to the old creation to define what the sabbath is which is the crux of your argument that the 4th and the 7th are bound together. Yet Paul tells us the old creation has gone so where does that leave the 4th commandment? Fear not, they all point to the same thing, which is the new creation and it has a new sabbath. The new should be our focus not the old.