παρθενος, ou, hJ and oJ ( Hom. +; inscr. , pap. , LXX ; En. 98, 2; Philo ; Jos. , Ant. 4, 244, Vi. 414; Sib. Or. 3, 357).
1.
virgin Mt 25:1 , 7 , 11 ; 1 Cor 7:25 (FStrobel, NovT 2, 58, 199-227), 28, 34; Pol 5:3; Hv 4, 2, 1; s
9, 1, 2; 9, 2, 3; 5; 9, 3, 2; 4 f ; 9, 4, 3; 5 f ; 8 a1. After Is 7:14 ( hr;h; hm;l]x'h; ; on this ASchulz, BZ 23, 35, 229-41; WHBrownlee, The Mng. of Qumran for the Bible, esp. Is, 64, 274-81) Mt 1:23 ( cf. Menand ., Sicyonius 372 f parqevno" gÆ e[ti, a[peiro" ajndrov" ). Of Mary also Lk 1:27 a, b; ISm 1:1 and prob. Dg 12:8 (the idea that the spirit of a god could father a child by a woman, specifically a virgin, was not foreign to Egyptian religion: Plut. , Numa 4, 6, Mor. 718 B ; Philo , Cher. 43-50 [on this ENorden, D. Geburt des Kindes 78-90]. Cf. further the lit. on jIwshvf 4 and OBardenhewer, Mariä Verkündigung 05; EPetersen, Die wunderbare Geburt des Heilandes 09; HUsener, Das Weihnachtsfest 2 11; ASteinmann, D. jungfräul. Geburt des Herrn 3 26, D. Jungfrauengeburt u. die vergl. Religionsgeschichte 19; GHBox, The Virgin Birth of Jesus 16; OECrain, The Credibility of the Virgin Birth 25; JG Machen, The Virgin Birth of Christ 2 32 [on this FKattenbusch, StKr 102, 30, 454-74]; EWorcester, Studies in the Birth of Our Lord 32; KLSchmidt, D. jungfrl. Geb. J. Chr.: ThBl 14, 35, 289-97; FXSteinmetzer, Empfangen v. Hl. Geist 38; RGBratcher, Bible Translator 9, 58, 98-125 [Heb., LXX , Mt]; TBoslooper, The Virg. Birth 62; Hv Campenhausen, D. Jungfrauengeburt in d. Theol. d. alten Kirche 62.RJCooke, Did Paul Know the Virg. Birth? 27; PRBotz, D. Jungfrausch. Mariens im NT u. in der nachap. Zeit, Diss. Tüb.34; DEdwards, The Virg. Birth in History and Faith 43.- Clemen 2 114-21; ENorden, D. Geburt des Kindes 2 31; MDibelius, Jungfrauensohn u. Krippenkind 32. As a contrast to Dibelius Hellenistic emphasis cf. OMichel and OBetz, Beih, ZNW 26, 60, 3-23, who stress Qumran parallels.). Of the daughters of Philip parqevnoi profhteuvousai Ac 21:9 . Of the virgins who were admitted to the church office of widows ISm 13:1 ( cf. AJülicher, PM 22, 18, 111 f. Differently LZscharnack, Der Dienst der Frau 02, 105 ff
).On 1 Cor 7:36-8 cf. gamivzw 1 and s. also PKetter, Trierer Theol. Ztschr. 56, 47, 175-82 ( parq. often means [virgin] daughter: Apollon. Rhod. 2, 86 parq. Aijhvtew and the scholion on this has the following note: parqevnon ajnti; pou` qugatevra ; Lycophron vss. 1141, 1175; Diod. S. 8, 6, 2; 16, 55, 3; 20, 84, 3 [ pl. beside uiJoiv ]. Likewise Theod. Prodr. 1, 293 H. th;n sh;n parqevnon =your virgin daughter; in 3, 332 t. eJautou` parqevnon refers to ones sweetheart; likew. 6, 466, as well as the fact that parq. can mean simply girl [ e.g. , Paus. 8, 20, 4]). RHSeboldt, Spiritual Marriage in the Early Church, CTM 30, 59, 103-19; 176-86.The Christian Church as parqevno" aJgnhv ( aJgnov" 1) 2 Cor 11:2 (on this subj. s. FCConybeare, Die jungfräul. Kirche u. die jungfräul. Mutter: ARW 8, 05, 373 ff ; 9, 06, 73 ff ; Cumont 3 283, 33).
2. Also used of men who have had no intercourse w. women; in this case it is masc. gender chaste man ( CIG IV 8784b; Proseuche Aseneth 6 and 8 Batiffol uses p. of Joseph; Pel.Leg. 27, 1 uses it of Abel; Suidas of Abel and Melchizedek; Nonnus of the apostle John, who is also called virgo in the Monarchian Prologues [ Kl. T. 1 2 08, p. 13, 13]) Rv 14:4 . JMFord, The Mng. of Virgin, NTS 12, 66, 293-9; GDelling, TW V 824-35. M-M. B. 90.**
A Greek-English Lexicon Gingrich & Danker
Another pre-Christian Jewish translation.