(2) Great question. This is what I believe:
"For whom he foreknew, he also foreordained to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren." (
Romans 8:29)
I believe based on God's foreknowledge, He foreordained individuals. Though this is just coming to me as I respond, I am reminded of King David as a type/shadow of us. He was, within time, foreordained/anointed to be king before he actually became king. God told Samuel that He looks at the heart when He chose David to be the future king.