As a Reformed believer I've always admired the Catholic practice of confession. I think that it ends up having some theological pitfalls and my Catholic brothers are welcome to correct me if I'm misunderstanding them. But to me, the pitfalls are:
- A notion of penance which appears to be a form of re-payment for our sins.
- The insistence that an ordained priest must hear confession in order for a person to receive forgiveness (extenuating circumstances aside).
Reformed types, and by extension most Protestants, have rejected these theological pitfalls, but why have we rejected the practice of confession altogether? The idea of fixed hours wherein parishioners may come to the pastor or elders of the church in order to confess their sins seems to me to be a wonderful help against the corruptions of the flesh. Yet this is not advertised, encouraged, or even practiced among reformed believers and protestants alike.
Why not? Wouldn't we benefit from it?
I think that confession to a man who was not an ordained priest, in a denomination where people did not believe that their pastor was what Catholic believe their priests are, would be a dreadful mistake.
Because of what we believe our priests to be, and because of what we believe the priest is doing in confession, it works.
Without those beliefs, deeply held on both the part of the confessor and penitent, I am pretty sure that confession would turn into a gigantic source of power plays, blackmail, rage, violence and endless lawsuits.
Men can always confess to God. Because Catholics believe - we really believe - that the priest is sitting there in the person of Christ, and that God is forgiving us as he pronounces the word, and that - just as the Pope is governed by the power of God who makes it impossible for the Pope to say anything fallible when he speaks ex cathedra on a matter of faith and morals - that God's will overwhelms the Pope's human freewill in such times, and that it is God speaking directly and as God, through the Pope's human voice - so too, both the priest and the penitent in the Confession believe that the priest is speaking in the person of Christ, and that when the priest says "Your sins are forgiven", that is not just the priest speaking, but Jesus speaking through the priest - a near analogy would be holy possession.
So the priest doesn't really forgive Catholics their sins, God does, and the priest is merely the human voice by which God does it.
Whether it's true or not, the priest really believes that - and is fearful of that power therefore - and the penitent really believes it - else he would not go and expose his darkest secrets to the priest.
Strip those parallel beliefs away - and Protestants do not have either of those beliefs and find them rather offensive, truth be told - and what do you have? A man, telling his deepest, darkest secrets to another man.
Now remember, too, the Catholic priest is not elected, not chosen by his parish. He cannot be fired by his parish. He is stationed in a Church for a time by a bishop, who can (and will) move him, put other priests in there, etc. The priest does not work for the congregation - they don't hire him, they don't fire him, and they can't change his pay or anything. So when the priest sits there in confession, in personam Christi, he does not sit there in any way as the employee of the man whose confession he is hearing. He is hearing a man who has no authority over him, and with whom he does not enter into any negotiation. He is, essentially, a noble lord listening to the groanings of a nameless and faceless peasant.
The Protestant structure is very different. You hire and fire your preachers. They work for you. There is a board, and it is active. "Membership" really means something, and there is a lot of personal interaction. In many ways that is admirable. But when a relationship between a minister and parts of a congregation go wobbly, there can be really terrible politics and lawsuits and personal conflict in a Protestant Church. In a Catholic Church, the priest is a functionary, imposed from outside, he can't be fired. Catholic priests get moved if they do something horrendous, or they get old, or get sick, or have alcohol problems that impair their functioning, etc. But the congregation can't really get into a shoving match with a priest. There's no power dynamic (other than in the divine realm - but there's always another Catholic church in town), not really.
The Protestant minister is much more deeply engaged on a personal, and financial, and career basis with his congregation, and vice-versa. Which means politics. In politics, knowledge is power. Is it wise, really, in our litigious society for a man to hear confessions from his bosses, or for an employee to confess to his boss?
Protestants know that the minister is not standing there in the person of Christ. They know that he does not have supernatural power to forgive sins flowing through him from God infallibly. And the minister always knows that he has to be careful with each congregant. And the congregant's social life is bound into this organization.
Also, ministers are married, and their wives and children figure in the congregation. Priests are celibate. Other factors come into play.
The Catholic believes in mortal sin, and that if he dies unshriven he will go to Hell. So the Catholic will go and confess having adulterous sex with another congregant, and the priest will hear that and, bound by the seal of confession - and fearing God whom he channels in confession and touches in the eucharist - the priest really won't break that seal - including to go talk to the other congregant in the adulterous affair.
The minister, in the same position, is put into a horrendous quandary, particularly if the man giving the confession is either very powerful or is having an affair with the wife of the very powerful. All of the supernatural, superstitious fear and faith in sacraments that drives us Catholics along in what we do - all of that stuff that Protestants call "idolatry" isn't an act - we FEEL the power of God when we do those things.
You don't. So you have people for whom the seal of confession is a contract, and you have political pressures, and no belief on any side that the minister is, essentially, God for a moment.
Full on Protestant confession would lead to a lot of tears and horror, lawsuits and violence. Secrets would be exposed. Families would be ripped apart.
Without the Catholic superstition and fear, Confession Catholic style would simply be placing yourself under the control of another man who could blackmail you. You would have to trust him. One of the REASONS the Catholic Church went the route of celibacy for priests is that by the 900s and 1000s, priests hearing confessions would use the secrets to blackmail female penitents into marriages. The Cluniac reforms ended that abuse. (It may well be that the abuse of boys by priests will end the celibacy rule in time, because what ails the Church in terms of sexual immorality in 2017 is quite different from what ailed it circa 980, and may require reversing the original cure.)
Catholic-style confession to Protestant pastors would be a mistake. What might work, though, would be confessions to professional Protestant psychologists. That could really help, without the other horrible dynamics that would end up creating a lot of pain for a lot of people.
Short answer: don't do it. Hire professional Protestant psychologists and have them hear confessions instead.