What was up for debate, like I already explained, was circumcision. You can read it directly from Acts 15 free- that was the issue brought to the disciples.
Acts 15:1 And certain men which came down from Judaea taught the brethren, and said, Except ye be circumcised after the manner of Moses, ye cannot be saved. 2 When therefore Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and disputation with them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas, and certain other of them, should go up to Jerusalem unto the apostles and elders about this question.
Once they got there, this case was made by the Pharisees:
Acts 15:5 But there rose up certain of the sect of the Pharisees which believed, saying, That it was needful to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses. 6 And the apostles and elders came together for to consider of this matter.
Peter replied and stated that the Pharisees were attempting to yoke new converts with a burden that the apostles and their fathers were unable to bear.
Acts 15:10 Now therefore why tempt ye God, to put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?
The disciples kept the law of Moses. They all condemned the practice of sin,
and sin is defined by John, Paul, and James, as breaking the law. Which testifies that the law is not what is being referred to as unbearable by Peter. Since they
were bearing it, and teaching it to others.
1 John 3:4 Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for sin is the transgression of the law.
Romans 4:15 Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, there is no transgression.
James 2:9 But if ye have respect to persons, ye commit sin, and are convinced of the law as transgressors.
In addition, we are told by John that God's commands are not burdensome. Which further proves that Peter was not speaking about the law, but of something else.
1 John 5:3 For this is the love of God, that we keep his commandments: and his commandments are not grievous.
So what
was Peter referring to? What was the original issue brought to the disciples? Circumcision. The Pharisees were teaching that you had to be circumcised in order to be saved. But if we look in the law, a convert to the faith had to be circumcised in order to partake of the Passover (Exodus 12:48). The Pharisees were once again trying to add additional regulations to the faith. Just as they were during the Messiah's ministry. They had created their own rules, and re-branded them as law.
Matthew 15:9 But in vain they do worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men.
So Peter struck down the Pharisees' unlawful assertions, stating that Gentiles and Jews alike are saved the same way - by grace.
Acts 15:11 But we believe that through the grace of the Messiah we shall be saved, even as they.
After Peter said his part, James made an official ruling on the matter:
Acts 15:19 Wherefore my sentence is, that we trouble not them, which from among the Gentiles are turned to God: 20 But that we write unto them, that they abstain from pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from things strangled, and from blood. 21 For Moses of old time hath in every city them that preach him, being read in the synagogues every sabbath day.
James says that once saved, gentile converts are only required to do 4 things:
1. Not pollute themselves with idolatry.
2. Not commit fornication.
3. Not eat things strangled.
4. Not eat blood.
James then conditions his previous statement with "For Moses of old time hath in every city them that preach him, being read in the synagogues every sabbath day". Unless you'd just like to ignore this part of his statement.
He was saying "They need only do these four things upon conversion. They can then learn the rest of the law at their local sabbath meetings". Gentile believers were obviously not allowed to steal, commit murder, etc., which makes this apparent. Those four things weren't the only rules for gentiles, but the minimum requirements necessary for fellowship with the community of believers.