Jesus threatened their status quo. They did not believe that He was, in fact, the Messiah. Many Jewish people of today have come to believe this but many more still don't.
They were blind to who they were dealing with, even when He fulfilled many prophesies.
He embarrassed them with His knowledge. He embarrassed them with the company He kept and who He associated with. He embarrassed them with the authority He did these things with. He angered them because He did nothing wrong, never sinned and could never be trapped by the questions they tried to trap Him with.
I believe that the gospel is full of times when they were angry. Right up until:
Matthew 26:65New International Version (NIV)
65 Then the high priest tore his clothes and said, “He has spoken blasphemy! Why do we need any more witnesses? Look, now you have heard the blasphemy.
Before that we have:
John 8:58-59New International Version (NIV)
58 “Very truly I tell you,” Jesus answered, “before Abraham was born, I am!” 59 At this, they picked up stones to stone him, but Jesus hid himself, slipping away from the temple grounds.
and:
John 10:30-33New International Version (NIV)
30 I and the Father are one.”
31 Again his Jewish opponents picked up stones to stone him, 32 but Jesus said to them, “I have shown you many good works from the Father. For which of these do you stone me?”
33 “We are not stoning you for any good work,” they replied, “but for blasphemy, because you, a mere man, claim to be God.”
and:
Mark 3:3-6New International Version (NIV)
3 Jesus said to the man with the shriveled hand, “Stand up in front of everyone.”
4 Then Jesus asked them, “Which is lawful on the Sabbath: to do good or to do evil, to save life or to kill?” But they remained silent.
5 He looked around at them in anger and, deeply distressed at their stubborn hearts, said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” He stretched it out, and his hand was completely restored. 6 Then the Pharisees went out and began to plot with the Herodians how they might kill Jesus.
and:
Luke 4:21New International Version (NIV)
21 He began by saying to them, “Today this scripture is fulfilled in your hearing.”
I didn't want to take up too much space. In verse 29 we read:
Luke 4:29New International Version (NIV)
28 All the people in the synagogue were furious when they heard this. 29 They got up, drove him out of the town, and took him to the brow of the hill on which the town was built, in order to throw him off the cliff.