(WebMD) -- Even the most heartening news about the health benefits of wine wasn't enough to convince Susan Sanford to imbibe. "I've just never liked the taste of alcohol," says Sanford, 42, a film sound engineer in Northern California. "Still, with all the headlines, you can't help wondering whether you're missing out on something that might lower your risk of heart disease."
Well, Susan Sanford, worry no more.
If you don't like wine, the latest studies show you can get almost all the same benefits from grape juice. The reason: Purple grape juice contains the same powerful disease-fighting antioxidants, called flavonoids, that are believed to give wine many of its heart-friendly benefits.
What'll it be: Wine or Welch's?
The flavonoids in grape juice, like those in wine, have been shown to prevent the oxidation of so-called bad cholesterol (LDLs, or low-density lipoproteins) that leads to formation of plaque in artery walls.
In a study published in 1999 in the journal Circulation, researchers at the University of Wisconsin Medical School in Madison asked 15 patients who already showed clinical signs of cardiovascular disease -- including plaque-constricted arteries -- to drink a tall glass of grape juice daily. After 14 days, blood tests revealed that LDL oxidation in these patients was significantly reduced. And ultrasound images showed changes in the artery walls, indicating that their blood was flowing more freely.
Grape juice can also lower the risk of developing the blood clots that lead to heart attacks, according to unpublished findings from Georgetown University researcher Jane Freedman, M.D.
So can red wine, but in this case grape juice is the more practical way to go: "Wine only prevents blood from clotting (when it's consumed) at levels high enough to declare someone legally drunk," says University of Wisconsin researcher
John Folts, Ph.D. "With grape juice, you can drink enough to get the benefit without worrying about becoming intoxicated."
What's more, alcoholic drinks don't seem to improve the function of cells in blood vessel linings the way grape juice does. And alcohol generates free radicals -- unstable oxygen molecules that can actually cause damage to blood vessel tissues -- dampening any of the benefits that red wine's antioxidants may offer.
Longer-lasting protection
Even better news, for Sanford and other teetotalers, is that the antioxidants in grape juice appear to linger in the body longer than do those in wine.
At the University of California, Davis, researchers took a 1996 cabernet sauvignon, removed all the alcohol, and asked a group of nine volunteers to alternate between drinking the nonalcoholic wine one day and an alcoholic version the next. In their findings, reported in the January 2000 issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, a key antioxidant called catechin remained in the blood for more than 4 hours after the volunteers drank the nonalcoholic wine, compared to only 3.2 hours for the full-strength cabernet. Apparently,
alcohol hastens the breakdown of the antioxidant in the blood, speeding its elimination from the body.
But wine may provide at least one benefit grape juice doesn't: Alcohol has been shown to increase levels of HDL, the so-called good cholesterol, in the blood.
(now disproven by newer study - 2004 attached below)
Even so, if you're a non-drinker, grape juice is a terrific way to get many of wine's potential health benefits, Folts says. If you do go for the juice, choose the purple kind, which is far richer in antioxidant flavonoids than red or white. Surprisingly, eating red table grapes won't provide as much protection. That's because the juice is made by crushing not just the skin and flesh but the seeds, too, which are especially rich in flavonoids. White grapes and grape juice won't do either, because they don't contain the flavonoids that purple or red grapes do.
Sanford can now rest assured. With a glass of purple grape juice with breakfast or for an afternoon snack, her heart can realize the same benefits as those of her wine-drinking friends. And if you don't want wine at dinner, uncork one of the fine nonalcoholic reds on the market. They're loaded with antioxidants as well as great flavor -- and you can drink all you like without worrying about driving home.
© 2000 Healtheon/WebMD. All rights reserved.
Nov. 19, 2004 -- Move over, wine. Nonalcoholic grape juice may also be heart-friendly, raising levels of HDL ("good") cholesterol, according to a new study.
The findings are reported in a letter to the editor of the November edition of
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.
The study was conducted by researchers including Jane Freedman, MD, associate professor of medicine and pharmacology at Boston University's medical school and was partially funded by an unrestricted grant from grape juice maker Welch's.
Freedman and colleagues studied 17 men and three women with previously diagnosed heart disease. Participants were 63 years old, on average. Ten had high blood pressure and four were current smokers.
The patients were taking standard treatments for their heart problems including aspirin therapy. Blood tests were done looking at their fasting cholesterol and good HDL values at each visit.
The participants were assigned to drink either purple Concord grape juice or a placebo beverage for 14 days. Afterward, they abstained from both drinks for 14 days. Finally, they repeated the test using whichever drink they hadn't already tried.
"Good" HDL levels "significantly increased" in participants when they drank grape juice, write the researchers.
Grape juice drinkers had HDL levels of 50 mg/dL, compared with almost 45 mg/dL in the placebo group. An HDL level below 40 mg/dL is considered a risk factor for heart disease.
The grape juice group also had lower levels of two indicators of inflammation: superoxide and soluble CD40 ligand. Inflammation plays a key role in atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries.
Soluble CD40 ligand is thought to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation, says Freedman in a news release.
Other indicators of inflammation weren't affected, probably because patients were already taking aspirin to fight inflammation.
The results suggest that alcohol-free grape juice might provide some of the cardiovascular benefits seen in studies of wine.
"There has been great interest in the possible benefits of drinking red wine for people with cardiovascular disease. But it has been offset, to a certain extent, by concerns about promoting alcohol consumption," says Freedman in the news release. This has led to the exploration of non- alcoholic grape products.
This is the first study to show its positive effect on CD40 ligand, an emerging indicator of heart disease, even in people already on aspirin.
