I've found the answer to my OP.
It is NOT Moses, Christ, and Paul.
It is The Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
Yes, each and all of them gave us greater revelation as needed for the times, slowly but surely, but also uniformly.
Well, certainly God has not changed. I think most Christians here on CF agree that the Trinity is eternal and existed in both the Old and New Testaments. Most Christians also understand that before the Incarnation (the birth of Jesus), that the Old Testament saint was unaware of Jesus as their Messiah, and they were probably not all aware of the concept of the Trinity, either. But yet, this does not change the nature of who God is.
Moses, and Paul were merely just vessels (
temples) by which God could live in and for them to be mouthpieces for what God wanted to say. Christ is the second person of the Trinity or the Godhead (i.e. the Son of God, or the Word of God in John 1). The eternal Word (
the Son) was manifested in the flesh. Most here agree with the Incarnation. So believing the Trinity, and the Incarnation should not be new doctrines for Christians.
Jesus is GOD (
the Word - John 1:1). Jesus spoke and did everything by the commandment of God the Father. So Jesus was not acting on His own authority alone, but by the authority of the Father. Everything He said, and did was by what the Father told Him to do and say.
Here are your original questions:
[Question #1.] "If we are referring what God gave to the nation of Israel through Moses as Judaism (I mean following a lifestyle given in the Old Testament, excluding man made traditions and pagan culture), and what God gave to them through Christ as Messianic Judaism, then did God again give a different ‘ism’ to the grafted-in branches (spiritual Israel) through Paul?
[Question #2.] How different is it from what Christ gave?"
A Quote By: "Gospels."
By these questions asked, I understood them as asking what kind of teachings or doctrines were different between Moses, Christ, and Paul, and I did not take your questions as indicative of WHO was being worshiped that was different between the time of Moses, Christ, and Paul (Note: See your highlighted words in red).
If I am to answer your question as originally stated, I would say that the teachings did differ between Moses, Christ (
before the cross), and Paul. So I will attempt to explain the differences between the teachings of Moses, the teachings of Christ (
before the cross), and the teachings of Paul (
after the cross).
The teachings given to Moses by GOD compared to the teachings of Jesus Christ:
Moses received the two stone tablets of the 10 commandments directly from God, and he received revelation to write the "Torah" (
i.e. The five books of Moses: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy) from God (
Note: The whole of the Old Testament writings is called the "Tanakh."). These commands and writings given to Moses by God were for the nation of Israel and not to Gentile nations. Israel was supposed to be a light unto the nations, and they were supposed to convert them to worshiping and following God (
according to the Torah). This was different than the way Jesus received His commandments. According to Scripture: We do not see any mention that Jesus received any stone tablets, and neither did Jesus write down any Scripture himself like Moses did.
The Law of Moses teaches a lot of ceremonial laws and judicial laws that do not clearly apply under the teachings of Jesus Christ (even before the cross). Even some Moral Laws have been changed, as well.
#1.
Law of Moses:
"eye for an eye" (
Exodus 21:23-25) (
Judicial Law).
Jesus:
"Whoever shall strike you on your right cheek, turn to him the other also." (
Matthew 5:39).
#2.
Law of Moses:
You shall not fail to perform in keeping your oaths unto the Lord (Numbers 30:1-2, Deuteronomy 23:21) (Moral Law).
Jesus:
"But I say unto you, Swear not at all" (Matthew 5:34).
#3.
Law of Moses:
"But of the cities of these people, which the LORD your God does give you for an inheritance, you shall save alive nothing that breathes: But you shall utterly destroy them; namely, the Hittites, and the Amorites, the Canaanites, and the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; as the LORD your God has commanded you"
(
Deuteronomy 20:16-17) (
Judicial Law).
Jesus:
"But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you;" (
Matthew 5:44).
#3.
Law of Moses:
"But if this thing be true, and the tokens of virginity be not found for the damsel: Then they shall bring out the damsel to the door of her father's house, and the men of her city shall stone her with stones that she die: because she hath wrought folly in Israel, to play the harlot in her father's house: so shalt thou put evil away from among you."
(Deuteronomy 22:20-21) (
Judicial Law).
Jesus:
"He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her. " (
John 8:7).
Clearly things are different between what the Law of Moses taught, and what Jesus taught. This means that Jesus Christ (
The Word who is God) received a commandment to speak by God the Father in what to say; Therefore, it was God the Father who was making the actual changes to God's laws while the Old Covenant was officially in effect still. For we know that Christ's sacrifice officially began the New Testament. For Jesus said to his disciples before He was sacrificed, "Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup
is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you." (Luke 22:20). The temple veil (which was used for the laws of the priesthood and the sacrifices had also ended); For it is written: "And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent;" (Matthew 27:51).
Paul's teachings given by God vs. the Law of Moses:
While Moses received stone tablets on mount Sinai, the revelation of God's words to Paul were given to him in a slightly different way. Paul did not receive stone tablets, but he did write Scripture (inspired by the Spirit) like Moses did. But are there differences between the teachings of Moses, and Paul? Yes. Here they are:
#1.
The Law of Moses:
"Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If a woman have conceived seed, and born a man child: then she shall be unclean seven days; according to the days of the separation for her infirmity shall she be unclean. And in the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised." (Leviticus 12:2-3).
"And when a stranger dwells with you
and wants to keep the Passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as a native of the land. For no uncircumcised person shall eat it." (Exodus 12:48) (
Ceremonial Law).
Paul:
"Behold, I Paul say unto you, that if ye be circumcised, Christ shall profit you nothing." (
Galatians 5:2).
#2.
The Law of Moses:
"And while the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man that gathered sticks upon the sabbath day. And they that found him gathering sticks brought him unto Moses and Aaron, and unto all the congregation. And they put him in ward, because it was not declared what should be done to him. And the Lord said unto Moses, The man shall be surely put to death: all the congregation shall stone him with stones without the camp. And all the congregation brought him without the camp, and stoned him with stones, and he died; as the Lord commanded Moses." (
Numbers 15:32-36) (
Ceremonial Law).
Paul:
"Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new moon, or of the sabbath days:" (
Colossians 2:16).
"One man esteemeth one day above another: another esteemeth every day
alike. Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind." (Romans 14:5).
#3.
The Law of Moses:
"...these shall you not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the hoof: as the camel, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you." (Leviticus 11:4).
"And these are they which you shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray,..." (Leviticus 11:13) (Ceremonial Law).
Paul:
"For every creature of God is good, and nothing to be refused, if it be received with thanksgiving: For it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer." (1 Timothy 4:4-5).
"I know, and am persuaded by the Lord Jesus, that there is nothing unclean of itself: but to him that esteemeth any thing to be unclean, to him it is unclean." (Romans 14:14).
"...Happy is he that condemneth not himself in that thing which he alloweth. And he that doubteth is damned if he eat, because he eateth not of faith" (Romans 14:22-23).
So it appears things have changed.
This makes sense because again,
Hebrews 7:12 says the Law has changed.
"For the priesthood being changed, there is made of necessity a change also of the law." (
Hebrews 7:12).
This is why Paul said if you seek to be justified by the Law, you have fallen from grace. But this does not mean Paul was against any form of God's laws in general.
Paul said that what he has written should be regarded as the commandments of the Lord (1 Corinthians 14:37).
Paul said that if any man does not agree with the words of Jesus and the doctrine according to godliness, he is proud and he knows nothing (See: 1 Timothy 6:3-4).
Paul was a mouthpiece for our Lord Jesus Christ, and clearly Paul taught differently than the Law of Moses.
Paul said, for me to live is Christ, and to die is gain (Philippians 1:21).
“For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ.” (
John 1:17).
Side Note:
What about the differences in teachings between Jesus (before the cross) and Paul's teachings?
I will attempt to explain these differences in my next post.