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Isaiah 40:22 -- γῦρον (Gyron), Septuagint (LXX).
Some militant atheists have made themselves irrelevant over the years by entertaining bad arguments that come back to bite them in the ass. The Greek word Gyron used in Isaiah 40:22 is one of those words which militant atheists like Richard Carrier claim mean 2D flat earth. So here we will examine the Septuagint rendering of Isaiah 40:22.
Greek: "ὁ κατέχων τὸν γῦρον τῆς γῆς, καὶ οἱ ἐνοικοῦντες ἐν αὐτῇ ὡς ἀκρίδες, ὁ στήσας ὡς καμάραν τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ διατείνας ὡς σκηνὴν κατοικεῖν."
Word: γῦρον (gyron)
Christos Terzis, a Greek scholar friend of mine from Greece, was able to break down the meaning of gyron. He said: "Gyron, Gyros, Γύρος, means "round" not circle. And it can well mean the shape of a sphere, not necessarily a circle."
He went further on to say:
"Concerning Gyros...it is actually the same word used to say "circumnavigate the earth". It can mean to go around in circles too. For instance, the Hebrews went GYRO of Jericho 7 times and then it fell.
Ιt's because words in Greek change according to the use they are in. For instance: O gyros Tou gyrou - of the gyros (possessive) Ton Gyron - third person O gyre - calling out to gyros like saying Hey Mark! Come over here. It's the same word. The verse says "the one who possesses the circumference of the earth". I.e. "The whole earth".
The first O in O gyros is O (omicron). The last one in O gyre is Ω omega. The last one shows exclamation. O! gyre!
Gyros is also (and this is useful for our purposes here) rotation. You can find this meaning on this page in Greek, in the first sentence.
https://el.wikipedia.org/.../%CE%93%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BF%CF...
So when the earth rotates.....it is the same word in a noun γυρίζει/gyrizi
I think the guy on the page shot himself in the leg using gyros to make his case..."
The guy he is referring to is Richard Carrier who shot himself in the leg for using gyros to mean flat earth.
He said gyron and gyros are the same word.
Here are more examples of what the word means and its variants.
γύρου (gyron)
https://www.wordsense.eu/%CE%B3%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85/...
"1. Form of γύρος (genitive singular)"
γύρος (gyros)
https://www.wordsense.eu/%CE%B3%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82/
"γύρος (Greek)
Origin & history
From Ancient Greek γῦρος.
Noun
γύρος (γύροι) (masc.)
bout, round, perimeter, rim
brim (of a hat)
gyro, doner kebab
lap, round, tour (sport)
tour, turn (work)."
Interestingly the word gyro is applied in Proverbs 8:27 in the Latin Vulgate, while gyrum is applied to Isaiah 40:22. These two Latin words carry the same meaning as the Greek. Lets take a look.
Proverbs 8:27,
Latin Vulgate:
"quando praeparabat caelos aderam quando certa lege et gyro vallabat abyssos."
Word: gyro, from H2329 חוּג chûwg
Meaning
https://www.wordsense.eu/gyro/#Latin
"gyro (Latin)
Origin & history
From gȳrus ("circle"), from Ancient Greek γῦρος
Pronunciation
(Classical) IPA: /ˈɡʏː.roː/
Verb
1. I turn in a circle, wheel around, rotate.
2. I circle, revolve around."
More Latin Definitions
https://www.wordhippo.com/.../latin-word...
It means "round"
But other definitions are given
"go around verb
campso
circumvehor verb: travel, sail round, ride round, circumnavigate, describe.
circumvenio verb: circumvenid, surround, circumvent, come around, come round.
circumago verb: rotate, wrap, bring round, turn round, revolve.
curvo verb: curve, turn down, bend, crook, arch."
Gyre is also a variant of Latin gyrus and Greek gyros.
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gyre#English
Another site for gyre
https://www.etymonline.com/word/gyre
More information on gyre
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/gyre...
"noun
1. a ring or circle.
2. a circular course or motion.
3. Oceanography . a ringlike system of ocean currents rotating clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere."
There are plenty of posts on this page that cover Isaiah 40:22 and the Latin word gyrum (aka, gyrus) used. It verse says "the globe of the earth" in English.
But going back to the Septuagint's Isaiah 40:22. It is best rendered in English as:
"the one who possesses the circumference of the earth". I.e. "The whole earth".
_________________________________________
Now lets compare the Hebrew chuwg
Now keep in mind that none of the Greek and Latin words discussed here change in meaning. Only in application do they differ, as in the difference between the word "move" and "moves." They both mean move. So in this section we will see how well the Greek and Latin harmonize using English words.
Hebrew Lexicons for H2329 חוּג Chuwg,
The New Strong’s Expanded Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible,
H2329. חוּג Chuwg, khoog; from 2328; a circle:--circle [1x], circuit [1x], compass [1x].".
Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon, H2329: "חוּג m. a circle, sphere, used of the arch or vault of the sky, Pro.8:27; Job 22:14; of the world, Isa.40:22."
Now remember that the word used in Hebrew is chuwg and the English words are there to help us understand what a chuwg is.
Chuwg = gyron
1a. Chuwg = circle
1b. Gyron = round, gyro,
2a. Chuwg = compass
2b. Gyron = circumnavigate, circumference
3a. Chuwg = circuit
3b. Gyron = lap, turn, movement on a circle
https://en.wiktionary.org/.../%CE%B3%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BF%CF...
The earth is round with a 24,901 circumference which people have sailed around (or circumnavigated). The earth turns while it makes its lap around the sun.
Lets look at Proverbs 8:27 this time.
Chuwg = gyro
1a. Chuwg = circle
1b. Gyro = round, circle
2a. Chuwg = compass
2b. Gyro = sail round, surround, circumnavigate, come around, curve, bend, arch
3a. Chuwg = circuit
3b. Gyro = rotate, revolve around, turn in a circle, travel, ride round, bring round, turn round.
Chuwg = gyre
1a. Chuwg = circle
1b. Gyre = circle, round, ring
2a. Chuwg = compass
2b. Gyre = rounded, Oceanography . a ringlike system of ocean currents rotating clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
3a. Chuwg = circuit
3b. Gyre = a circular course or motion, go in a circle, turn round.
Chuwg = Sphere
Gyron/Gyros = Sphere
Gyro = Sphere
Gyre = Sphere
Gesenius' Lexicon: Circle = Sphere!
Ironically from the Greek words Gyron/Gyros, Gyro and Gyre, we get the word gyroscope which is an instrument used for proving the earth is round...spherical. Using gyros to prove a case for a flat earth Bible is probably not the best argument to make. What makes this an even harder challenge for atheists is that the Septuagint reflects the Paleo-Hebrew meanings even better than the Masoretic texts (no ill intended towards the Masoretic texts). The Septuagint was translated by 72 Jewish scholars in the 3rd century B.C. And while its not in Hebrew, it reads closer to what the original Hebrew intended. And again, Latin variants don't change Greek meanings. So all the oldest and most reliable manuscripts all say the earth is a moving sphere! I fail to see anything rational coming from these militant atheists and their flat earth side kicks.