Cutting to the chase. Calvanists differ from non-Calvanists because they believe in "Total Depravity" - which is a doctrine that means that even the elect contribute nothing to their own salvation. If total depravity were true, why is the Bible filled with exhortations and directives? Why do the early church pillars of the faith, like Peter and Paul, spend considerable effort in reasoning with the "totally depraved"?
Acts 2:40 And with many other words did he testify and exhort, saying, Save yourselves from this untoward generation.
Acts 26:28 Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian. 29 And Paul said, I would to God, that not only thou, but also all that hear me this day, were both almost, and altogether such as I am, except these bonds.
1 Corinthians 9:22 To the weak I became weak, that I might win the weak. I have become all things to all people, that by all means I might save some.