Farmers from Anatolia appear to have moved into Europe around 8,000 years ago, replacing the hunter-gatherer cultures that lived there.
Farming is first thought to have emerged in the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean in what is now Israel, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan.
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Europe's first farmers came from Turkey, DNA from Anatolian skeletons show | Daily Mail Online
The ruins of Gobekli Tepe goes back to the 10th–8th millennium BCE. We are not sure what went on there. We do know that this was not a permanent settlement and these people were not farmers. Farming began in the Tigris Euphrates river valley in what was known as Mesopotamia. There were two groups of people living there at the time. The Semitic people conquered the Sumerians.
The Sumerians had gardens shaded by tall date palms where they grew peas, beans and lentils, vegetables like cucumbers, leeks, lettuces and garlic, and fruit such as grapes, apples, melons and figs. Later other foods were grown like onions, beetroot, turnips, pears, pomegranates, nuts and various herbs. In the south the most important crop was the date. Further north, in Assyria, it is too cold in the winter for the date to fruit.
From around 4000 B.C. milk from sheep, goats and cows was used to make butter. Meat was largely reserved for the elite. They ate sheep, goats, beef and poultry. Delicacies included gazelle, mice and locusts. Drying, salting and smoking fish was important (see
Food and Cooking). Sheep and goats were also important for their wool and hair. The sheep's fleece was plucked (combed out) rather than shorn. The Standard of Ur shows that sheep and goat were being bred for their long fleeces by 2600 B.C.
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