αδης, [Hades] ou, oJ ( w. var. spellings Hom. +; inscr. ; PGM 1, 345; 12, 241; LXX , Philo ; Jos. , Ant. 6, 332; Test. 12 Patr. ; Sib. Or. ).
1. Hades ( orig. proper noun, name of god of the underworld), the underworld as the place of the dead Ac 2:27 , 31 (Ps 15:10 ; Eccl 9:10 ; PGM 1, 179; 16, 8; Philo , Mos. 1, 195; Jos. , Bell. 1, 596, Ant. 6, 332).
In the depths, contrasted w. heaven Mt 11:23 ; Lk 10:15 ( cf. Is 14:11 , 15 ); 16:23 .
Accessible by gates (but the pl. is also used [ e.g. Hom ., X. , Ael. Aristid. 47, 20 K.=23 p. 450 D.] when only one gate is meant), hence puvlai a{/dou (since Il. 5, 646; Is 38:10 ; Wsd 16:13 ; 3 Macc 5:51 ; PsSol 16, 2. Lucian , Menipp. 6
the magicians can open tou` {Aidou ta;" puvla" and
conduct people in and out safely) Mt 16:18 ( s. on pevtra 1b and puvlh 1); locked e[cw ta;" klei`" tou` qanavtou kai; tou` a{/dou Rv 1:18 (the genitives are either obj. [ Ps.-Apollod. 3, 12, 6, 10 Aeacus, the son of Zeus holds the klei`" tou`{Aidou ; Suppl. Epigr. Gr. VIII 574, 3 [III AD ] tw`/ ta;" klei`da" e[conti tw`n kaqÆ {Aidou ] or poss. ; in the latter case death and Hades are personif. ; s. 2). wjdi`ne" tou` a{/dou (Ps 17:6 ) Pol 1:2 ( cf. Ac 2:24 , where D, Latins, Pesh. also read a{/dou for qanavtou). eij" a{/dou ( sc. dovmou", Hom .+; Bar 3:11 , 19 ; Tob 3:10 ) Ac 2:31 v.l .; 1 Cl 4:12; 51:4 ( Iambl. , Vi. Pyth. 30, 179 ejn a{/dou kei`sqai th;n krivsin ; Hierocles 14 p. 451 ta; ejn a{/dou kolasthvria ; Simplicius in Epict. p. 108, 14
punishments for sinners ejn a{/dou).
2. personif ., w. qavnato" ( cf. Is 28:15 ; Job 38:17 ) Rv 6:8 ; 20:13 f ; 1 Cor 15:55 v.l .GBeer, D. bibl. Hades: HJHoltzmann Festschr. 02, 1-30; (Stade-) ABertholet, Bibl. Theol. II 11, 397 f ; ERohde, Psyche
4 I 54 ff ; 309 ff ; ADieterich, Nekyia 1893; Bousset, Rel. 3 285 f ; 293 ff ; Billerb. IV 1016-29; JoachJeremias, TW I 146-50; AHeidel, The Gilgamesh Epic and OT Parallels 2, 49, 173-91; LESullivan, Theological Studies (Woodstock, Md.) 10, 49, 62 ff. S. also s.v. pneu`ma 2 and 4c. M-M. B. 1485.*
A Greek-English Lexicon Gingrich & Danker
γεενα [Gehenna], h", hJ Gehenna, Grecized fr. µr,NÏhi ( a ) yG« (Josh 15:8 b; 18:16 b; Neh 11:30 ) Targum µn:hiygI ( cf. Dalman, Gramm. 2 183), really µr,NÏhiA÷b, ( a ) yG« (Josh 15:8 a; 18:16 a; 2 Ch 28:3 ; Jer 7:32 ; cf. 2 Kings 23:10 , where the Kthibh has the pl. : sons of H.) Valley of the Sons of Hinnom , a ravine south of Jerusalem.
There, acc. to later Jewish popular belief, the Last Judgment was to take place. In the gospels it is the place of punishment in the next life, hell: krivsi" th`" g. condemnation to G. Mt 23:33 . bavllesqai (eij") (th;n) g. ( cf. Sib. Or. 2, 291) 5:29 ; 18:9 ; Mk 9:45 , 47 ; ejmbalei`n eij" th;n g. Lk 12:5 ; ajpelqei`n eij" (th;n) g. Mt 5:30 ; Mk 9:43 ; ajpolevsai ejn g. Mt 10:28 ; uiJo;" g. a son of hell 23:15 (Semitism, cf. uiJo;" 1cd; Bab. Rosh ha-Shana 17b µnhyg ynb . Cf. the oracle Hdt. 6, 86, 3: the perjurer is }Orkou pavi>"). e[nocon ei\nai eij" th;n g. ( sc. blhqh`nai ) 5:22 .
As a place of fire g. (tou`) purov" ( PGM 4, 3072 gevnna purov" ; Sib. Or. 1, 103)
hell of fire Mt 5:22 ; 18:9 ; 2 Cl 5:4. Fig. flogizomevnh uJpo; th`" g.
set on fire by hell Js 3:6 .GDalman, RE VI 418 ff ; PVolz, Eschatol. d. jüd. Gem.34, 327 ff ; GBeer, D. bibl. Hades: HHoltzmannFestschr, 02, 1-29; Billerb. IV 28, 1029-1118. M-M. B. 1485.*
A Greek-English Lexicon Gingrich & Danker