Hi,
I'm not surprised that you did not find that much about the Viking faith... while there are some interesting parallels with Celtic religion, there are also many differences.
Well, I guess describing all the beliefs and gods of the Asatru pantheon would be too much to post here. Let's see what I can combine in one posting...
Basically, the deities of Asatru can be grouped into the Vanir (mostly associated with fertility, fishing and agriculture) and the Aesir (covering many other aspects, like Odin/Wodan as god of wisdom and magic, Tyr as god of justice, Thor/Donar as defender of Midgard - the world of the humans - against the dangerous giants, and Loki who represents the antagonist and mischievous trickster). Possibly the Vanir once were the most important deities of the north, later mostly replaced by the Aesir.
An Asatruar does not "worship" his gods in the usual meaning of the word, it's more considered to be based on loyalty and friendship. Say, I'm a dedicated follower of Odin, but feel that Odin lets me down again and again, so I'm free to say "That's enough - I'll turn my back on you and honor Thor instead". I once read about my German ancestors describing their relation to the gods as "fulltrui", meaning something like "absolutely faithful and trusting".
What I find very interesting is the concept of Ragnarok, the Doom of the Gods. According to the Edda, which basically contains all the sacred poems and songs that survived, the gods themselves made a gross mistake when the worlds were young, and thus all that is is doomed to be destroyed on the day when the giants finally assault Asgard, the home of the gods. Even the gods themselves will die in battle, most of them anyway.
It is for this very day that Odin's valkyries collect the bravest fallen warriors from the battlefields, bringing them to Valhalla where they train for Ragnarok - so that the devastation caused by Surt, the ruler of the fire giants, and his army is not even more severe - to ensure that there will be a new world after Ragnarok.
That's what occurs to me spontaneously. Your boyfriend may find the web site of "the Troth" interesting, it gives much more details on how Asatru is defined and practiced today. You should be able to google it up. The Edda is also available online, though I can't give you the URL right now (I'm posting from my workplace and noted the link at home...).
Hope to have helped