Fun fact: The percentage of people born outside of the country is higher in Norway than in the US
Wrong: To reach 40% income tax you have to make 2 million NOK (230.000 USD). And that is if you have no deductions whatsoever. People who make millions can afford tax planning, so I doubt anyone actually pay 40% - even though it is technically possible to pay that much if you try hard. Most people would pay considerably less.
Plus: The tax you pay covers free health care, free higher education for your kids and a pension plan
Wrong again: You do not pay VAT on everything and certainly not on your income (!!). VAT is also lower on food, and no VAT on rent or mortgage and a number of other services
Conclusion: Your calculation is absolutely rubbish.
Source: I used to work as a certified accountant in Norway
Rent depends on where you live. Of course, a house in some deep forest of Alaska would be cheaper than an appartment in a posh area of Oslo. The same is true the other way around: A house in the neck-of the-woods of Norway is cheaper than a flat in Manhattan
Again, this depends on what you eat and where. I took my wife out to eat yesterday and we had a nice meal for two for USD 45,- In Norway, you are not supposed to give tips, since the waiters have a decent wage to begin with. So you pay those 45$ and that's it
However, it is true that eating out is more expensive in Norway. This is because the wage disparity is smaller. Even wages for waiters and people working in shops are decent. This means that this kind of services are more expensive than in countries where you cannot live from having just one job like that
No, not your caricature of Norway - but an honest picture of Norway