Carey, Your ingnorace of the history, the occupation and Islam in Israel/Palestine is so very evident in your above comment. How might you explain Christians, Muslims and yes Jews (indigenous Jews not Ashkenazi Jews) living side by side in neighborly love (for centuries) prior to 1948? How might you explain why a Muslim family keeps the keys to the Church of the Holy Sepulcher?
Hahahahaha neighboorly love???
A BRIEF HISTORY OF PALESTINE
As a geographic territory, what is generally thought of today as "Palestine," has had many names from the earliest times to the present. The ancient Egyptian name for the region was Kharu in the south and Retenu in the north. Prior to its conquest by the Israelite Hebrews under Joshua, it was known as the "Land of Canaan," and afterwards it received the name Eretz Yisrael -
For the 400 years prior to 1918, Palestine was a small part of the Ottoman (Osmanli) Empire after their conquest of the Mamelukes in 1517 by Salim I. Since then, the Jews of the Diaspora sought refuge in Palestine from Christian persecution and expulsion despite spasmodic ill-treatment by their Muslim rulers.
During World War I, British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour wrote to Lord Lionel Walter Rothschild of the Zionist Federation in England the following letter of November 2, 1917:
"I have much pleasure in conveying to you on behalf of His Majesty's Government the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations, which has been submitted to and approved by the Cabinet:
His Majesty's Government view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and the religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.
I should be grateful if you would bring this Declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation."
The above Balfour Declaration was issued with the support of the French government and President Woodrow Wilson of the United States. Official approval came from France on February 14, 1918, from Italy on May 9, 1918, and from President Wilson in a letter to Rabbi Stephan S. Wise on August 31, 1918. This then became the basis of the Mandate for Palestine given later to Great Britain by the League of Nations on July 24, 1922.
Largely as a result of Britain's victories over the Ottoman Turks, more than ten million Arabs were liberated from Turkish rule. The total area of Arab lands in (now Saudi) Arabia was 1,184,000 square miles. Palestine, the only portion of former Ottoman territory that was set aside for a Jewish national home, covered less than 11,000 square miles! Besides his infamous 1917 declaration, Arthur Balfour on July 12, 1920 reminded the Arabs:
"So far as the Arabs are concerned, I hope that they will remember that it is we who have established an independent Arab sovereignty of the Hedjaz. I hope that they will remember it is we who desire in Mesopotamia to prepare the way for the future of a self-governing, autonomous Arab State, and I hope that, remembering all that, they will not grudge that a small notch - for it is no more than that geographically, whatever it may be historically - that small notch in what are now Arab territories being given to the people who for all these hundreds of years have been separated from it."
Legally, the Palestine Mandate was of the "Class A" Mandates in which the mandatory was regarded as the guardian of a people not yet able to stand by itself and which was to be trained for self-government. A Mandate was a system of trusteeship established by Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations for the administration of former Turkish territories and German colonies. It marked an important innovation of international law with respect to dependent territories, differing from a protectorate in that obligations were assumed by the Mandate power to the inhabitants and to the League. It also differed from a sphere of influence in that the guardians had an acknowledged right to raise and expand revenues, to appoint officials, and to make and enforce laws. The Mandate system was administered by the League of Nations through a Permanent Mandates Commission of eleven members. With the creation of the United Nations in 1945, the Mandate system was superseded by the trustee system.
However, the special purpose of establishing the "Jewish National Home" made the terms of that Mandate different from all others.
The official British military occupation of Palestine ended with the appointment of Sir Herbert Samuel, himself an orthodox Jew, as the first High Commissioner on July 1, 1920. Britain then had started to set up a civil government although the final ratification was to occur three years later. The post of the High Commissioner was not an easy one for the Colonial Office to fill. proncipally because of the onerous political responsibility attaching to it. Of Palestine's seven High Commissioners, only two were career apointments (Sir John Chancelor and Sir Harold MacMichael). Of the other five, four were professional soldiers and one was a former Cabinet minister (Sir Herbert Samuel). It was rare for Cabinet ministers to accept colonial appointments in peacetime, for their future centered around so much in British politics at home and not overseas
The rivalry between Britain and France for control of the Middle East (e.g., in Lebanon and Syria), rising Arab nationalism as well as the rising ambitions of Arab leaders, all served to arouse Arab unrest and incite violence.
Following Arab riots in 1920 and 1921 on Jewish agricultural colonies in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, and Jaffa, which were sparked by the urgings of the Mufti Haj Amim al-Husseini, the (Winston) Churchill White Paper was issued by the British in July, 1922, setting forth official policy in a manner designed to limit the interpretations which had been previously cited in the Balfour Declaration
As Hitler and the Nazis rose to power in Germany, persecutions sent a stream of German Jews to Palestine. The Arabs reacted with new riots, foreseeing the day when the Jewish population would exceed their own.
Because of lack of cooperation of the Arabs, the Peel Commission concluded that the Mandate was unworkable and recommended a partition plan that divided Palestine into separate Arab and Jewish states, as well as a neutral corridor and all Holy Places under British rule.
http://www.drberlin.com/palestine/history.htm
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