Modern day Jewish or Gentiles believers who are Judaizers insist that to be part of the people of God, one must live like a Jew (with or without circumcision).
A lot of the insistence seems to often come from not realizing what it means to live according to the Law of God. The Torah says ONE LAW for the native-born and the stranger. Anyone who does not believe this can read Leviticus.
Nonetheless, even with that, the "One Law" had clear diistinctions for both GENTILES in the Land of Israel and the Hebrews...and of course, there were also the realities of Gentiles outside of the Land of Israel who were believers.
Deuteronomy 14:21 is one of the main examples of what it is that is noted in the Gentiles/foreigners within Israel being given differing laws..as the text states plainly, "Do not eat anything you find already dead. You may give it to the foreigner residing in any of your towns, and they may eat it, or you may sell it to any other foreigner. But you are a people holy to the LORD your God. Do not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk."
Of course, Lev. 17:15 which when compared to Deut. 14:21 offers a seeming contradiction:
"When any person eats an animal which dies or is torn by beasts, whether he is a native or an alien (GER), he shall wash his cloths and bathe in water, and remain unclean until evening; then he will become clean."
However, Leviticus 17:15 says that the impurity of the act must be dealt with..and when seeing the entire context, it seems plain that part of the focus is upon those entering the temple since impurity defiles God's Temple (Lev 15:31; Num 19:13). It does not say it is forbidden for the sojourner and foreigner to eat the meat. Most kinds of impurity do not involve sin (childbirth, menstruation, caring for a corpse), although they all require purification of some type. If Israelites can sell unclean meat to non-Jews, it seems it is no sin for non-Jews to eat unclean meat. If they do it in the land, they simply need to practice purification as specified in Lev 17:15 (when the Temple is standing).
There are other things to consider in regards to sub-laws within the same universal/overarching Law that both Gentiles and Jews were under. Exodus 12:48 says that circumcision is optional for even a Sojourner living in Israel (much less a non-Jew living in Georgia or wherever other Non-Jews are). Exodus 31:13 says the Sabbath is a sign between Israel and God (not a universal command).
Derek Leman had some excellent discussions on the issue as seen in the following:
Most people discussing the subject of ONE Law don't really study what that ONE law really says---and it needs to be addressed. Gentiles and Jews will always be a part of the same family in Messiah---but being in the same family does not entail being the same at all parts and the Word of God never argued such, be it with Christ or the apostles and others. To make an issue out of it would be like one saying that parents have no right to choose not to treat all of their children the same when it comes to differing standards/expectations and that dad was somehow treating 10yr old Jimmy as if he's not part of the family because he assigned him to take out the garbage as chores while 8yr Sarah is simply required to clean dishes and the youngest to read. Having differing assignments/callings doesn't equate to having a lesser role in the family as another. It simply means that there's distinction between others, just as it has often been the case within the scriptures where the Lord operated differently with Gentiles at certain points than He did with the Hebrews.....both painting part of a larger picture that gloried the Lord and showed who He was
Very thankful for the work of Dan Juster and Russ Resnick who took time to address the scriptures point for point and show the reality of relationship between Gentiles/Jews (as seen
here ). Additionally, although differing in opinion/stances from Dan Juster, John McKee did some excellent work in covering the issue. from the perspective of how many Gentiles---in the name of being the same as the Jews in requirements/standards and lifestyle---can actually practive a reverse form of Replacement Theology by trying to essentially become what the Lord meant to be a unique role for the Jewish community...as seen in
"One Law as Replacement Theology." and other places (
here here, and
here ). McKee’s organization,
TNNOnline, is grounded in the Scriptures, Biblically conservative, free of pop theology, a bastion of apologetics and standing firm in the face of shifting ministerial alliances.
Ryan Lambert is another who's very excellent in the work he has done on the issue. His work, alongside Dr.Michael Brown, does give another interesting perspective on what it means to be united as Jew and Gentile under the Law. ..as
seen here.
Asher Intrater is another one, as seen
here, and
here
Some see One Law in the sense of a Constitution, where there were differing laws given to certain groups even though all were under the U.S Constitution and subject to what it said. Just because one was not in the same category as another didn't mean that they were under one law...and the same can be said in regards to Jews and Gentiles. Many scriptures teach that not all of the Torah applies to
Gentiles that it should be a simple conclusion. As said before, the Torah itself says Shabbat is only for Israel (Exod. 31:13), dietary law is only for Israel (Deut. 14:21), and circumcision is only for Israel (Gen. 17). Galatians 5 warns the
Gentiles considering conversion that if they allow themselves to be circumcised they will have to keep the whole Torah (Gal. 5:3). Colossians 2:16 tells
Gentiles not to let others judge them regarding a Sabbath day. Romans 14:5, discussing differences between
Jews and
Gentiles, notes that not all follow the Sabbath
We're meant to be "One" in Messiah:
Ephesians 2:3
One in Christ
11Therefore, remember that formerly you who are Gentiles by birth and called "uncircumcised" by those who call themselves "the circumcision" (that done in the body by the hands of men)— 12remember that at that time you were separate from Christ, excluded from citizenship in Israel and foreigners to the covenants of the promise, without hope and without God in the world. 13But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far away have been brought near through the blood of Christ. 14For he himself is our peace, who has made the two one and has destroyed the barrier, the dividing wall of hostility, 15by abolishing in his flesh the law with its commandments and regulations. His purpose was to create in himself one new man out of the two, thus making peace, 16and in this one body to reconcile both of them to God through the cross, by which he put to death their hostility. 17He came and preached peace to you who were far away and peace to those who were near. 18For through him we both have access to the Father by one Spirit.
19Consequently, you are no longer foreigners and aliens, but fellow citizens with God's people and members of God's household, 20built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus himself as the chief cornerstone. 21In him the whole building is joined together and rises to become a holy temple in the Lord. 22And in him you too are being built together to become a dwelling in which God lives by his Spirit.
As David Stern made clear, the phrase "Gentile by Birth" makes clear that one who is a Gentile does not stop being a Gentile when joining the Jews/believing the Gospel, though it does change if he becomes a Jewish proselyte. Even though there is a real difference spiritually between Jew and Gentile, the reality remains that the Gentiles are no longer seperated and can join the Jewish people/be one with them without having to become Jewish/follow the customs of the Jews--as what makes the difference is FAITH. The cancelling of Eminity between Jew and Gentile can be found clearly in inspiring examples such as among Messianic Jewish believers and truly believing Arab Christians in the Land of Israel today---if ever being there. Where the world expects hate or one side trying to convert the other to its views (or at best, wary tolerance), they find a degree of trust and love from the Messiah that goes beyond politics.
On the enmity caused by the Torah, as it gave occassion to sin, the issues between Jews/Gentiles were with four components: (1) Gentile envy of the special status accorded by God to Israel in the Torah. (2) Jewish people being chosen (3) Gentile resentment of that pride (4). Mutual dislike of each others customs...but all of those factors were destroyed when the Messiah came to die for all sinners with is attoning death.