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from scratch
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First I want to answer this last question. How could the promise be to abolish something that doesn't yet exist? As mentioned above something was added. What was it? Just the laws outside of the 10 Cs or the 10 Cs themselves?from scratch
A look at gal:3
16Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ.
17And this I say, that the covenant, that was confirmed before of God in Christ, the law, which was four hundred and thirty years after, cannot disannul, that it should make the promise of none effect.
Christ is this promise. The law cannot annul the promise or Christ. Is the law referred to here the ten Commandments? the law here came 430 years after. Were the requirement of the ten commandments only observe after 430 years? No. therefore it cannot be the 10 commandments that are referred to here. The tenants of the commandments were not observed only after there were written, scripture supports that.
18For if the inheritance be of the law, it is no more of promise: but God gave it to Abraham by promise.
19Wherefore then serveth the law? It was added because of transgressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise was made; and it was ordained by angels in the hand of a mediator.
20Now a mediator is not a mediator of one, but God is one.
21Is the law then against the promises of God? God forbid: for if there had been a law given which could have given life, verily righteousness should have been by the law.
22But the scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe.
23But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed.
"Before faith came". Does that mean that there were no faith. No! for Hebrews 11 makes it clear that there was faith. What is meant is verified in the latter part of the verse. Revealed, faith revealed. Christ finally came. He who all looked forward to. The sacrificial services and ordinances are reflected as the law in these verses. The ten commandments could not have been considered to give life or forgiveness of sins (21) but the sacrifices could have by the Jews. But here and in Hebrews 9 it is clear that these services could not. Jesus is the real Thing. These services pointed to His Coming and sacrifice. We now have no need of them. the real thing has come. The sanctuary services was for transgressions (19) not the 10 commandments. At the cross the veil was torn without hands revealing that it was FINISHED.
24Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith.
25But after that faith is come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster.
26For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus.
27For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ.
28There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus.
29And if ye be Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise.
Heirs according to what promise? That the law would be abolished? When was that promise given?
In support I present Deut 4:13 - And he declared unto you his covenant, which he commanded you to perform, even ten commandments; and he wrote them upon two tables of stone.
This establishes that the 10 Cs are indeed the covenant.
I present Deut 5:1-5 -
1And Moses called all Israel, and said unto them, Hear, O Israel, the statutes and judgments which I speak in your ears this day, that ye may learn them, and keep, and do them.
2The LORD our God made a covenant with us in Horeb.
3The LORD made not this covenant with our fathers, but with us, even us, who are all of us here alive this day.
4The LORD talked with you face to face in the mount out of the midst of the fire, 5(I stood between the LORD and you at that time, to shew you the word of the LORD: for ye were afraid by reason of the fire, and went not up into the mount saying,
This establishes to whom and where the covenant was given. Notice it doesn't include Abraham.
Are the 10 Cs called the law?
I present Roman 7: 1-7 - 1Know ye not, brethren, (for I speak to them that know the law,) how that the law hath dominion over a man as long as he liveth?
2For the woman which hath an husband is bound by the law to her husband so long as he liveth; but if the husband be dead, she is loosed from the law of her husband.
3So then if, while her husband liveth, she be married to another man, she shall be called an adulteress: but if her husband be dead, she is free from that law; so that she is no adulteress, though she be married to another man.
4Wherefore, my brethren, ye also are become dead to the law by the body of Christ; that ye should be married to another, even to him who is raised from the dead, that we should bring forth fruit unto God.
5For when we were in the flesh, the motions of sins, which were by the law, did work in our members to bring forth fruit unto death.
6But now we are delivered from the law, that being dead wherein we were held; that we should serve in newness of spirit, and not in the oldness of the letter. 7What shall we say then? Is the law sin? God forbid. Nay, I had not known sin, but by the law: for I had not known lust, except the law had said, Thou shalt not covet.
Just so one can't say Pauls is ignorant, what is called thelaw by Paul a student of Gamaliel? Now for what Paul is calling the law. Verse one is a bout marriage not covered in the 10 Cs. Verse 3 is about adultery, commandment seven. And verse 7 is number 10, the last one which makes it inclusively the 10 Cs being referred to as the law.
Paul isn't the only one to show what is called the law. James does so in 2:8-11 - 8If ye fulfil the royal law according to the scripture, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself, ye do well:
9But if ye have respect to persons, ye commit sin, and are convinced of the law as transgressors.
10For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all. 11For he that said, Do not commit adultery, said also, Do not kill. Now if thou commit no adultery, yet if thou kill, thou art become a transgressor of the law.
James changes from royal law to the law and cites the 10 Cs while he calls the royal law being violated the law when chaging transgression.
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