OK, how does Puritanism relate to the Reformed faith? It is my understanding that Puritans required evidence of the experience of regeneration before they allowed people to be members of their churches. I understand with Presbyterians, baptism makes you a member of a church.
How do you understand the relationship between Puritans and the Reformed?
Puritans were Reformed. My understanding is that the basic Reformed idea is to look for evidence of a Christian life, not specifically a conversion experience. However the Puritans, at least in the US, did seem to look for a narrative of a conversion experience. This was a problem because citizenship required church membership, and many of the children didn't meet the test. In the end they had to separate those.
Current Reformed tend to see demands for a conversion experience as "decision theology," something that is not considered a good thing in either conservative or liberal Reformed thought. Here's R C Sproul's take on how to get assurance:
Fear Not by R.C. Sproul. I'd be closer to the Lutherans on this question. I think basing our assurance on an examination of ourselves is liable to cause trouble. The original idea was that election was supposed to encourage us to be confident in God and his promises.
Everyone who is baptized is a member in one sense. There's a roll of baptized people, all of whom are entitled to pastoral care. However to vote in elections and serve as an officer, you have to "join the church." That involves taking membership vows. Otherwise you'd have 5 year olds voting in elections, which doesn't make sense. There's a roll of people who have joined, that is used for business meetings and nomination of officers. Joining the church has morphed in recent years to something referred to as confirmation, though it's not confirmation in quite the Catholic sense.
In principle, in all Presbyterian churches, the Session examines candidates. Most PCUSA churches ask new members to go through a class, and a pastor would raise concerns in unusual cases based on what he sees in that class, but generally people who go through the class can join, partly because it's hard to see why someone would present themselves for membership if they didn't agree with our vision of Christianity. We ask youth who are joining for statements describing their faith, but I haven't heard one that was unacceptable. That's partly a statement about our youth.
In more conservative churches, examination is more stringent, with candidates being asked whether they really accept the Westminster Confession. I don't have personal experience with their examinations, but I would think they'd expect someone who lives as a Christian, but I very much doubt that the PCA looks for a conversion experience.
Of course the PCUSA accepts members by letter of transfer. In that case we mostly accept the sending church's statement that they are in good standing, though most churches still require new membership training for transfers, and Session still has to approve them.. We'll accept transfers from any mainstream denomination, though not all denominations will issue letters of transfer. (The conservative churches also accept transfers, but only from churches with compatible standards.)