Several Christian denominations maintain adherence to the Nicene Creed while holding more nuanced or critical views of biblical inspiration than the traditional doctrine of divine inspiration. Here are the main ones:
Liberal Protestant denominations often take this approach, including many congregations within:
- The Episcopal Church (Anglican Communion in the US)
- Presbyterian Church (USA) - the mainline branch
- United Methodist Church
- United Church of Christ
- Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
- Some Baptist conventions (particularly American Baptist Churches USA)
The Roman Catholic Church presents an interesting case. While officially teaching biblical inspiration, Catholic theology emphasizes that scripture must be interpreted through church tradition and magisterium, allowing for historical-critical methods that can relativize claims of direct divine authorship.
Eastern Orthodox churches similarly affirm inspiration officially but often emphasize the role of church tradition and the Holy Spirit working through the community of faith rather than focusing on the mechanics of how scripture was inspired.
Anglican churches worldwide vary considerably, with many embracing historical-critical scholarship while maintaining credal orthodoxy. The Church of England, for instance, includes clergy and theologians who view scripture as profoundly meaningful and authoritative for faith without necessarily affirming traditional inspiration theories.
These denominations typically view scripture as authoritative for faith and practice, containing divine truth, and being central to Christian life, but they may understand this through frameworks like:
- Human authors writing under divine influence rather than dictation
- Scripture as the church's book, authenticated by community discernment
- Historical-critical approaches that see divine truth mediated through human cultural contexts
The key distinction is between viewing scripture as divinely inspired in its production versus viewing it as divinely significant in its function for the believing community.