Are not the words spoken to Abraham just as important regarding circumcision? it too is an everlasting covenant. So if we can dismiss away the Abrahamic covenant and call it spiritual (when the instructions were explicit in the flesh) then why can't we understand the Sinaitic covenant the same way? the ten commandments are not given to us and although they continue to point to spiritual revelation we are not under it's physical law. we are under Christ's law.
looking at creation God did not rest on the 7th day, he "sabbathed" (verb) on the 7th day. Sabbath can be rest but it also means to cease. God ceases his work because he is finished. In this sense he rested from his work not out of obligation or need but because the work was accomplished and the two concepts are inseparable. it says this right in the text Gen 2:2 "By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested from all his work." the act of sabbath here is the result of completed work and God would not sabbath if the work was not complete. the value of the sabbath on the 7th day needs to include not just ceased work but completed work an act we cannot accomplish ourselves. Thus the 4th commandment can never be fulfilled through our own power. we may rest as hard as we wish, and we still cannot keep the sabbath, because we cannot accomplish the work. Christ of course, and by our luck he is lord of the Sabbath but his own admission so he has authority over the sabbath.
there are universal aspects of the law that even if unwritten, stand true. Being a servant of God demands not to take his name in vain, or have other gods, or graven images. This is innate through a monotheistic relationship and although just as valuable today as it ever was has less meaning because polythesim is far less practices today. Monotheistic practices needed to be emphasized at the time of Moses and the 10 commandments acted as a polemic of its time to emphasises monotheistic practices and broad pillars or civil that were very much unpopular values of surrounding cultures.
The babalonians also venerated the 7th day and even had a type of ceasing (more like a hiding), they infact are credited with the 7 day week, calling each day after the 7 known celestial objects of it's day (the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn) the greeks and romans continued this practice and to this day the days of the week are still named after these vernerated celestial objects from Babylon. We can dismiss these values today as silly but in its day had a strong influence, and Israel needed a redeemed system that was stripped of paganism and emphasized monotheistic practices. This is the need of the 10 commandment and 4th commandment is a part of this, turning a day from pagan practices to monotheistic. Those demands are not the same today, and those commandments are not given to us nor were they re-etched into stone for us to continue to follow but they do have deeper meaings that points to Christ. We can critically think past these circumstances and worship God in spirit and truth not just because a day of the week tells us so.
You can reject every word here, yet still these commandments are absent in the NT as instruction but the one that is clear and is consistently taught through out the NT and even show it fulfulls all the law and the prophets is what is affectionatly called "Christ's law" that is often reduced to "love you neighbour as yourself"
