There are many cases in Scripture where there are examples of this happening and where we are told this happens. The mission of Isaiah was to harden the people's heart. But prophesy often have multiple reoccurances in Scripture. Jesus spoke to people in parables so that they wouldn't understand.
There are plenty of passages in the Old and New Testament as well as the teaching of the church that says otherwise. Jesus spoke in parables so that people would not understand. Isaiah's mission was to blind the people of Israel so that they would be sent into captivity. Isaiah asked, "How long" and God told him until everything is destroyed. (Isaiah 6).
But you've got to start in the beginning of Israels journey. The story of the Israelites rebellion and hardness of heart towards God is a recurring theme throughout the Old Testament. Despite witnessing God's mighty works, wonders, and signs, they repeatedly rejected His authority and refused to obey His commands.
Deuteronomy 9:6-7
You stiff-necked people, uncircumcised in heart and ears, you always resist the Holy Spirit. As your ancestors did, so do you.
This was a culmination of the Israelites' consistent disobedience and rebellion against God, despite His repeated attempts to guide and instruct them.
Remember what happened in Exodus with the Golden calf, the rebellion of Korah, the refusal to enter Canaan, save Joshua and Caleb and and and...
The Israelites hardness of heart was not caused by God, but rather by their own refusal to acknowledge and submit to His authority as God. By rejecting the evidence of God's power and love, they defaulted to their own sinful nature, leading to a cycle of rebellion and disobedience.
As you mentioned, "prophesy often have multiple reoccurances in Scripture" the prophets drew upon this history to call the people back to repentance and obedience.
God used the Israelites' hardness of heart to fulfill His purposes and plan of redemption for all humanity, ultimately leading to the coming of Jesus Christ. Who gives us a new heart when we believe the evidence of his Divinity... of which His death and ressurrection is the climax... so we yield to Him.
Romans 11:25
I do not want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brothers, lest you should be wise in your own opinion, that hardening in part has happened to Israel until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in.
Let's look at Isaiah 6.
The book of Isaiah contains prophecies about how the Babylonians would capture and destroy Jerusalem, which were a near fulfillment of God's judgment. The exile was a form of judgment, where God allowed His people to be taken captive and to be removed from the land due to their disobedience.
Remember "the land will vomit you out" (Leviticus 18:28, 20:22) Its a telling reminder of the consequences of disobedience. The land, which was a symbol of God's blessing and presence and promise, would reject the people due to their sin.
The blessings and curses in Deuteronomy 28-30 serve as the backdrop for understanding the consequences of obedience and disobedience. The people were presented with a choice: life or death, blessing or curse. Their disobedience led to the curses being fulfilled, including exile and judgment. See also how this happened in Judges... God is holy and will not be mocked..
But Isaiah's prophecies also point to a greater truth...God's judgment for disobedience and rejection, which is a theme of the entire Bible. The near fulfillment in Isaiah's time also serves as a warning and precursor to the ultimate judgment, which will be fulfilled in the end.
As for the "How long, O Lord?". What is the context here. When Isaiah encountered the Holy God in the throne room, he responded with a deep sense of humility and recognition of his own sinfulness.
Isaiah 6:5
"Woe is me, for I am undone! Because I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips; for my eyes have seen the King, the Lord of hosts"
What does God do for Isaiah? He forgiveness and cleanses.
Isaiah 6:6-7
Then one of the seraphim flew to me with a live coal in his hand, which he had taken with tongs from the altar. With it he touched my mouth and said, “See, this has touched your lips; your guilt is taken away and your sin atoned for.”
This was supposed to be Israel's response. So this serves as a paradigm, highlighting the need for humility, repentance, and recognition of God's holiness in order to receive forgiveness and restoration. They were supposed to know God but yet they did not have the appropriate response.
So Isaiahs response becomes a stark contrast to his brothers and sisters, who God judges by hardening their already hard hearts.
The judgment of blindness and hardness of heart is a result of Israel's failure to recognize God's holiness and repent of their sins.
The How long, O Lord?" question becomes both a call to repentance, urging Israel to turn back to God and acknowledge His holiness, just as Isaiah did. But also a cry for relief, pleading that although God is just in this verdict, that God limit His judgment. But we know God is merciful and long suffering, who gives them opportunity after opportunity to repent as heard through the voice of his prophets.
Isaiah 6:11-13
Then I said, 'For how long, O Lord?' And He answered: 'Until the cities are laid waste and without inhabitant, the houses are without a man, the land is utterly desolate, the Lord has removed men far away, and the forsaken places are many in the midst of the land.'"
How long... until the land is desolate, and the people are removed. History is a witness.
So this judgement came upon those in Isaiah time, and upon those who had the Holy God walking in their midst and who had the evidence of his signs, wonders and might works yet....
When Jesus says he will speak in parables it can be seen as a continuation of this theme. By teaching about the kingdom in parables, Jesus was able to conceal the truth from those who had already rejected Him (they had the many evidence of his works, signs and wonders), while revealing it to those with a willing heart. So in the rejection the prophecy was being fulfilled.
Paul further quotes from this prophecy in Acts 28, where he comes to his own in Rome in chains.
Acts 28:23
They arranged to meet Paul on a certain day, and came in even larger numbers to the place where he was staying. He witnessed to them from morning till evening, explaining about the kingdom of God, and from the Law of Moses and from the Prophets he tried to persuade them about Jesus.
Some were convinced by what he said, but others would not believe. They disagreed among themselves and began to leave after Paul had made this final statement: “The Holy Spirit spoke the truth to your ancestors when he said through Isaiah the prophet:
“ ‘Go to this people and say, ...Acts 28:26-27, Isaiah 6:9-10
Acts 28:28
“Therefore I want you to know that God’s salvation has been sent to the Gentiles, and they will listen!” Romans 11:25
This is why we preach the gospel message to all, in word, deed and sign, because we have the Truth... with the examples from Israels history ..of God's love, patience and forbearance. His desire to reveal who He is so we may live.
I only have time to respond to this post. I'll get back to your other posts at a later stage.