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Yes, it gets confusing, and there are different varieties of beliefs out there. Differences involve the nature of justification, and what if any, role the human will plays in it all. So Catholicism teaches this, which should be similar to Eastern Orthodox teachings in general:
1989 "Justification is not only the remission of sins, but also the sanctification and renewal of the interior man."
1995 The Holy Spirit is the master of the interior life. By giving birth to the "inner man," justification entails the sanctification of his whole being:
"Just as you once yielded your members to impurity and to greater and greater iniquity, so now yield your members to righteousness for sanctification. . . . But now that you have been set free from sin and have become slaves of God, the return you get is sanctification and its end, eternal life." Rom 6:22-23
So justification is taught to be a one-time event, as a new birth into God's family, but also one that must continue to be realized even more as we grow, as we grow nearer to God, which is our purpose, and therefore even greater in justice, holiness, righteousness. And that righteousness, that love- to truly flesh out the meaning of the term- will be challenged throughout our lives as were still attracted to sin, not yet fully sanctified and renewed IOW. We can always stray from the family values.
In Catholic teaching, going all the way back, man can do nothing to turn himself to God; man is lost.
1989 The first work of the grace of the Holy Spirit is conversion, effecting justification in accordance with Jesus' proclamation at the beginning of the Gospel: "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand."38 Moved by grace, man turns toward God and away from sin, thus accepting forgiveness and righteousness from on high.
1993 Justification establishes cooperation between God's grace and man's freedom. On man's part it is expressed by the assent of faith to the Word of God, which invites him to conversion, and in the cooperation of charity with the prompting of the Holy Spirit who precedes and preserves his assent:
When God touches man's heart through the illumination of the Holy Spirit, man himself is not inactive while receiving that inspiration, since he could reject it; and yet, without God's grace, he cannot by his own free will move himself toward justice in God's sight.42
So in Catholic teaching the will of man is never completely uninvolved, in that he can say no. Another way to put this is to say that grace is resistible. Some Protestant denominations agree with this while others adamantly reject it. Justification is totally a free gift either way in response to our faith.
Some state that we can't possibly lose that state of justice once we receive it, due especially to the fact that they consider it to be imputed only and not given as a personal possession. In Catholicism however, righteousness is a gift and one which we can waste and squander or which we can invest in terms of the parable of the talents for example. Again, the will of man is never totally out of the picture so we must work out our salvation, we must grow in the sanctity which leads to eternal life, cooperating with grace and then let God decide at the end how well we've done with all that. Meanwhile, If we're honest with ourselves, we should have a pretty good idea.
"…just as sin reigned in death, so also grace might reign through righteousness to bring eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.” Rom 5:21
That's a good overview, but it didn't really address what I was asking.
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