The reason the Decalogue (Ten Commands) are no longer in effect, but have ended, is found in 2 Corinthians chapter three, wherein we find that the Ten Commands are: the ministration of DEATH, the letter which KILLS, and the ministration of CONDEMNATION which is contrasted with the new covenant (testament) of the spirit, that gives life.
2Co 3:6 Who also hath made us able ministers of the new testament; not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life.
2Co 3:7 But if the ministration of death, written and engraved in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance; which glory was to be done away:
2Co 3:8 How shall not the ministration of the spirit be rather glorious?
2Co 3:9 For if the ministration of condemnation be glory, much more doth the ministration of righteousness exceed in glory.
2Co 3:10 For even that which was made glorious had no glory in this respect, by reason of the glory that excelleth.
2Co 3:11 For if that which is DONE AWAY was glorious, much more that which remaineth is glorious.
The reason the Ten commands kills, brings death, and condemnation is due to the fact that the penalty under the law for breaking any of the Ten, was being put to death by stoning.
The penalty for killing - put to death:
Exo 21:12 He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put to death.
The penalty for not honoring your mother and father: put to death by stoning:
Lev 20:9 For every one that curseth his father or his mother shall be surely put todeath: he hath cursed his father or his mother; his blood shall beupon him.
The penalty for adultery: put to death by stoning:
Lev 20:10 And the man that committeth adultery with anotherman's wife, even hethat committeth adultery with his neighbour's wife, the adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death.
The penalty for breaking the sabbath by doing any work, such as picking up sticks for kindling: put to death by stoning:
Exo 31:14 Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore; for it isholy unto you: every one that defileth it shall surely be put to death: for whosoever doeth anywork therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.
If the Ten Commands are still in effect, the penalty for breaking them is still in effect, thus those who insist on keeping the ended covenant that contained the Ten Commands, are breaking the law themselves, by not stoning to death those who break the commands.
You can't have one without the other.
Imagine you were doing a ride along with a police officer, and you see that he ignores traffic law violations: speeding, running red lights, reckless driving, drunk driving, etc.
During the conversation you have with the officer, he says, "yes, I believe in the traffic laws. I keep those laws, myself - I just don't enforce them".
Sabbath day keepers, and Ten Commandment keepers are saying, those commands are still in effect and we keep them, but we don't enforce the law, as is required BY the law.
The ten commands ended when the old covenant ended, because the ten are called “the covenant on two tables of stone” in scripture - thus when the old covenant ended, the ten commands ended with it - including the fourth command.
Invariably some people will claim that the new covenant is simply the old covenant restated, because they want to keep the 7th day command in effect, but that argument won’t hold water.
Scripture says the new covenant is a BETTER covenant, founded on BETTER PROMISES - not the old one recycled.
And says if the old one was faultless, there’d be no need for a new covenant.
The truth of the matter is, God rested on the seventh day one time only - not weekly - but did not command anyone else to keep a seventh day sabbath at that time.
You won’t find the word sabbath anywhere in Genesis, nor find Abraham or anyone else in Genesis resting on the 7th day - because there was no such command until God gave it to Israel as a covenant sign of His freeing them from slavery in Egypt, after their Exodus.
Moses said concerning the law God gave to Israel, which includes the Decalogue:
Deu 5:1 And Moses called all Israel, and said unto them, Hear, O Israel, the statutes and judgments which I speak in your ears this day, that ye may learn them, and keep, and do them.
Deu 5:2 The LORD our God made a covenant with us in Horeb.
Deu 5:3 The LORD made NOT this covenant with our fathers, but with US even-us, who are all of us here alive this day.
And God says why and to who He first gave the command to keep the 7th day:
Deu 5:15 And REMEMBER that thou wast a servant in the land of Egypt, and that the LORD thy God brought thee out thence through a mighty hand and by a stretched out arm: THEREFORE the LORD thy God commanded THEE to keep the sabbath day.
The sabbath day command was given only to Israel as a covenant sign and memorial of their being set free from slavery in Egypt.
Exo 31:13 Speak thou also unto the children of ISRAEL, saying, Verily my sabbaths YE shall keep: for it is a SIGN between ME and YOU throughout YOUR generations; that ye May know that I amthe LORD that doth sanctify YOU.
The Old Covenant ten has been replaced by the two love commands, neither of which include the requirement to keep the 7th day, or any day.
The two love commands are different from the old ten, because they are kept out of love, not out of fear of the punishment of death by stoning for breaking them.
Some fallacious arguments: Jesus kept the sabbath - of course He did, because the old covenant law was still in effect until He died on the cross.
Another one: Paul kept the sabbath over 80 times in Acts - Paul was found every sabbath preaching to the sabbath keeping Jews (who were only there to hear Paul evangelize on the 7th day), that Jesus is their Messiah.
If he preached in the synagogue on Sunday,he’d be preaching to empty seats.
The fact is, when the apostles assembled together for church, and to collect offerings, it was on the first day of the week:
Joh 20:19 Then the same day at evening, being the first dayof the week, when the doors were shut where the disciples were assembled for fear of the Jews, came Jesus and stood in the midst, and saith unto them, Peace beunto you.
1Co 16:2 Upon the first dayof the week let every one of you lay by him in store, as Godhath prospered him, that there be no gatherings when I come.
Peter wrote that Paul's writings were hard to understand. I have had some who are Saturday keepers use Peter to deny 2Cor 3:6-11 really means that the ten commandments have been done away, verse 11 KJV. Done away surely is not hard to understand as is the remainder of verses 6-10. Those verses explain that the Holy Spirit replaced the ten commandments as the guide for all mankind. This, of course, was the promise Jesus made to the disciples before His accession.
Jesus said He came to fulfill the law and the prophets. Fulfill means to bring to an end and Paul confirms that in 2Cor 3:6-11. Paul further tells us in Gal 3:19 that the law was until Jesus and Col 2:16-17 Paul wrote that no one should judge us for not observing the Sabbath because it was a shadow of Jesus coming. Heb 4 tells us that today, if we hear His voice we can have rest in Him. Our Sabbath rest is indeed in Jesus.
God honors our worship on any day. The new covenant doesn't specify what day, it only tells us not to forsake gathering together. We need fellowship to keep us strengthened.
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