None of this makes what happened historically to Jews OK.
No, but it does reveal that human nature is... well, awful, and that you cannot point to Christians without also pointing a finger at yourselves, as we are all men. Though there are less people who hate me just because I am Hispanic than there are that hate you just because you're Jewish.
No, that refers to the Temple, not the messiah. No time frame was ever given for the coming of the messiah.
Yes there was:
Dan 9:24
Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most Holy.
Dan 9:25
Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times.
Dan 9:26
And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come s
hall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined.
Dan 9:27
And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate.
It lists it pretty specifically, from the restoration of Jerusalem unto Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks. While there is much debate on exact years or whether the entire 70 weeks were fulfilled with the Roman invasion of Israel and the destruction of the temple, there certainly is no room to add roughly 2000 more years to "seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks" to the present day to this timeline if Jesus was not the Messiah.
If you have read Josephus, you would see that the siege of Jerusalem was incredibly horrifying and destructive. There were signs and wonders; there was mass death, starvation, murder and tragedy. Do you suppose that all this happened because of some random fluke, and that God would not forewarn, ask for repentance, and save the country or otherwise leave some way out after a reasonable amount of time? But as things stand, if Jesus is not the Christ, the Jews have long been abandoned. There has been no prophet to rise up to save the country. There has been no supernatural happening. The people are largely secular, and the religious among them are a minority, whereas in the past God had struck down mighty armies or erected firey pillars to guide them out of Egypt. They are harassed on every side by enemies, and they have always been harassed by enemies on every side, all the way to the present day. If Jesus is the Christ, then salvation and full restoration of Israel for the people of Israel is right there at the asking. The explanation is there, freedom from sin due to Christ's ultimate sacrifice is achieved, (though we continue to sin, we are washed, we are saved by Jesus Christ forever) and all we await for now is the final judgment that will come upon the world. If Christ is not the Messiah, we are all doomed, as there will be no other who can ever fulfill the prophecies.