Ask a physicist anything.

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Cabal

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What is beyond gamma rays?

I suspect simply harder and harder gamma rays.

However, the distinctions between the different EM bands are largely academic. They're all photons, just at different energies; but at lower energies they interact with different everyday materials in appreciably different ways. Once you get up to the x-ray end of things, the photons are so energetic they just start ripping through pretty much anything.
 
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Michael

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Nonetheless, there is hardly a consensus that dark matter is exotic.

Well, actually there is a "consensus" that most of "dark matter" is "non baryonic" is mostly Lambda-ColdDarkMatter theories. That's rather "exotic" considering it's not composed of protons or neutrons. That leaves us with electrons (which I happen to believe exist out there in space), tiny things like neutrinos and what else?

No one knows.
Well, come on now, isn't that a wee vague? There's quite a large difference in suggesting that our technology is limited therefore our we don't really know, vs. claiming that most of the "dark matter" is non baryonic in nature.

Dark matter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

According to Wiki, most of the material is "non-baryonic" in nature. That's rather "exotic" don't you think?

Science advances, as always. The same astronomers you decry are the ones providing new evidence.
It's sort of like watching the fox guard the hen house. I think they go through an indoctrination and Phd time. --- Ok people, you talk about *ANYTHING BUT* "electricity". Terms like "magnetic reconnection" are in, terms like "electrical discharge" are out. Get it? Any questions? You wan't to be published right? It's remarkable that Birkeland was able to 'explain' and even simulate solar wind, "jets", coronal loops and aurora over 100 years ago in a lab using technologies of the earliest part of the 20th century, but astronomers today can't "explain" solar wind acceleration from a sphere in a vacuum. Science is not progressing at nearly the rate you imagine.

Like I said, if this new evidence invalidates the dark matter hypothesis, then so be it.
Dark matter does not exist other than perhaps "MACHO" forms of "Dark matter", neutrino forms of "non-baryonic dark matter" and I suppose electrons could qualify as "non-baryonic", but they emit photons so I think they're out of the question. Due to the anti-EU bias in the industry, it's *DEFINITELY* out of the question. If you believe in any other form of "dark matter", then you must empirically demonstrate your case. Hypothetical SUSY particles do not exist to my knowledge and in no empirical way have they been confirmed to exist. Whatever mass is "out there" is simply 'unknown'. It's not necessarily as WIKI claims that most of the material is non-baryonic. Just in the past few years we've learned that galaxies are twice as bright as we once thought and have many times more small stars per large stars than we "estimated". All we know for sure is that our mass estimation techniques are highly faulty and there is much more bayonic material in every galaxy than we once thought.

So you keep saying, but it is presumptuous to preclude any use our modern techniques can bring us. We simply do not know what future humans will discover. They could discover that dark matter doesn't exist, or they could discover that it absolutely does exist.
I'm curious at this point why you personally do not apply that same "faith" to the topic of God? Turn that statement around and imagine the impact of my using that same argument to you about the topic of God. Care to explain the apparent double standard here? Maybe I'm missing something but I don't get the feeling you'd consider that a convincing argument with the tables turned.

SUSY is a theory, it attempts to explain the evidence.
SUSY particles are "hypothetical" entities that have yet to appear anywhere near a controlled experiment. It's a "wild idea" at this point in time and standard particle physics theory has been well documented to hold water to this point in time, to all tested energy states. SUSY theory is a non standard branch of particle physics theory, and for good reason.

Astronomers take it several steps "out there" into speculationville by literally "making up" various properties and assigning them to hypothetical particles. They they then look at the sky and attempt to "Explain" what they see based on this plethora of made up properties wrapped in a thin veneer of acceptability using a substandard brand of particle physics theory and viola, they create a whole universe and claim to have explained it all down to the last 100,000 years or so and a couple of inches in diameter. Come on.

Since when is that a hallmark of truth?
It's pretty undeniable that electricity exists in nature and has a positive impact on human beings. You can pickup a number of consumer products at any Mall, any electrical appliance store, anywhere and see the value of scientific engineering. On the other hand, I am somehow supposed to believe that 96% of the presumed universe can't do anything or have any effect on humans today. When might they have some influence on humans? It's funny that nothing runs on "dark energy" yet it supposedly makes up 70+ percent of the universe. How do you know that this "acceleration energy" is unrelated to the EM field again? That is the one known force of nature that is 39 orders of magnitude more powerful than gravity. Plasma is an excellent conductor. How did your rule out the EM field as the cause of acceleration of a mostly plasma universe?

Without an objective standard your assessment is purely subjective and, thus, irrelevant.
Sorry, but it's not "irrelevant" that our technology is so limited we can't actually count stars in a galaxy. We have to "estimate" them based on a series of "assumptions" which we now know to have been false all along. The galaxies are twice as bright and far more heavily populated with stars than we once though and therefore any "missing mass" is likely due to our pitiful mass estimation attempts, not any "non-baryonic" material.

Correct. Your point?
I am amazed frankly that you "lack belief" in God because you've never seen God move anything, but you buy into the whole inflation/dark energy things hook line and sinker and allow it (in fact encourage it) to be taught as "science" in the classroom. There seems like a giant empirical double standard going on here.

I need a cup of coffee so I'll stop here for the time being.
 
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Doveaman

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I am amazed frankly that you "lack belief" in God because you've never seen God move anything, but you buy into the whole inflation/dark energy things hook line and sinker and allow it (in fact encourage it) to be taught as "science" in the classroom. There seems like a giant empirical double standard going on here.
It seems that way to me too. The power of faith...can't beat it. It's everywhere. Even in "science". :thumbsup:
 
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Wiccan_Child

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What is beyond gamma rays?

Gamma rays are very high energy photons. While photons can theoretically have much higher energies still, we haven't encountered any, so we haven't given them a name yet. So, until we need to make a distinction, gamma rays generally incorporates everything with a frequency of 10[sup]22[/sup] Hz and up.
 
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Doveaman

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Ask a physicist anything.

I'm enjoying these physics-related threads so...

Ask a physicist anything
:).
If a house is built using hypothetical materials that has not yet been confirmed or falsified would the house itself be considered a hypothetical structure that has not yet been confirmed or falsified?

And if the house itself is a hypothetical structure that has not yet been confirmed or falsified would that house have any basis in reality? :)
 
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Thistlethorn

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If a house is built using hypothetical materials that has not yet been confirmed or falsified would the house itself be considered a hypothetical structure that has not yet been confirmed or falsified?

And if the house itself is a hypothetical structure that has not yet been confirmed or falsified would that house have any basis in reality? :)

Why don't you build a house on hypothetical materials and get back to us on that?
 
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pgp_protector

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No, it can't become absolutely flat, since that requires it to be stretched by an infinite amount. It's mathematically odd, and physically impossible. If it could happen, I guess you'd have either photons with no energy, or photons with an infinite amount of energy. Spooky.

Wouldn't a 0HZ EM Field just be a Static Magnetic Field ?

After all Moving a Magnet Back & Forth at 1 HZ would create a 1 HZ EM Field Right ?
Moving it Back & Forth at 1,000 Hz would create a 1K HZ EM Field

ECT.
 
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Doveaman

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Ask a physicist anything.

A black hole is an object that's become so dense that its gravity pulls it in even further (every object has a sphere associated with it, and if that object is squished to within that sphere, no known force can overcome gravity from squishing the object further.
How can a black hole exist if it is an abstract concept?

What is the hole into?
Black holes have extremely powerful gravity fields. According to general relativity, mass warps space around it, which makes objects move towards said mass...So it's basically a very, very, very dense object that warps spacetime so much that even light is affected.
Is it true that Einstein did not believe in a black hole, claiming it is not physical, and that singularities in the field nullify the theory of General Relativity?
 
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Cabal

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If a house is built using hypothetical materials that has not yet been confirmed or falsified would the house itself be considered a hypothetical structure that has not yet been confirmed or falsified?
If it's built entirely out of hypothetical materials, yes.
And if the house itself is a hypothetical structure that has not yet been confirmed or falsified would that house have any basis in reality? :)

Not necessarily. The effects attributed to the hypothetical materials would still be there and would be observable. So something is there, whether or not it's the exact materials speculated would depend on further investigation to confirm or falsify them.
 
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Cabal

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How can a black hole exist if it is an abstract concept?
Who said they were?
What is the hole into?
Haven't got a scooby.
Is it true that Einstein did not believe in a black hole, claiming it is not physical, and that singularities in the field nullify the theory of General Relativity?

Probably. And?FYI: Even Einstein got it wrong sometimes.
 
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Wiccan_Child

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If a house is built using hypothetical materials that has not yet been confirmed or falsified would the house itself be considered a hypothetical structure that has not yet been confirmed or falsified?
No. If you know the house has been built (e.g., by detecting its gravitational effects on galactic rotation curves - yes, I'm not stupid), then you know it's made if something. The house's walls may exhibit unusual properties, which may imply that they're made of some hitherto unknown material. But the house itself is not hypothetical.
And if the house itself is a hypothetical structure that has not yet been confirmed or falsified would that house have any basis in reality?
Yes. Hypotheses are by definition possibilities and are open for testing.
How can a black hole exist if it is an abstract concept?
Because it's not an abstract concept. It's simply a massive object under rather extreme conditions.
What is the hole into?
It's not a hole, just as the Big Bang isn't a bang. 'Black hole' is a useful visual analogy, but it is neither black nor a hole.
Is it true that Einstein did not believe in a black hole, claiming it is not physical, and that singularities in the field nullify the theory of General Relativity?
No. Black holes are a direct result of Einsteinian mechanics (and, indeed, classical mechanics). What Einstein rallied against was quantum mechanics.
 
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Wiccan_Child

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Wouldn't a 0HZ EM Field just be a Static Magnetic Field ?

After all Moving a Magnet Back & Forth at 1 HZ would create a 1 HZ EM Field Right ?
Moving it Back & Forth at 1,000 Hz would create a 1K HZ EM Field

ECT.

Magnetic fields are created by moving charge (e.g., electrons whizzing through space). To generate a field of 0 Hz, the charges would have to be stationary. But if they're stationary, they don't generate a magnetic field. Of course, you could define a zero-strength EM field to exist when no charges are moving, and it wouldn't do much damage to physics. It'd be an unorthodox description of electromagnetics, but it would work.
 
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Doveaman

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No. If you know the house has been built (e.g., by detecting its gravitational effects on galactic rotation curves - yes, I'm not stupid), then you know it's made if something. The house's walls may exhibit unusual properties, which may imply that they're made of some hitherto unknown material. But the house itself is not hypothetical.
The house may not be hypothetical, but if our hypothetical description of that house has not been confirmed then how do we know we are really describing that house and not just a hypothetical house?
Yes. Hypotheses are by definition possibilities and are open for testing.
Am I to conclude that a mere possibility is considered reality? This mean that anyone can mentally conceive what they consider to be a possibility and that possibility is then considered real.

Just because it is open for test doesn’t make it real. The test itself might be trying to achieve the impossible.
 
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Wiccan_Child

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The house may not be hypothetical, but if our hypothetical description of that house has not been confirmed then how do we know we are really describing that house and not just a hypothetical house?
Doveaman, you're tying yourself in knots. This entire conversation is centred around a hypothetical scenario: we have a hypothetical house, and a hypothetical description of that house. We know the house is hypothetical because we (by which I mean me, Wiccan_Child, and you, Doveaman) are having a hypothetical discussion. We're talking about a 'what' if'.
Am I to conclude that a mere possibility is considered reality?
No, obviously :scratch:.
Just because it is open for test doesn’t make it real. The test itself might be trying to achieve the impossible.
Do you know what a falsifiability test is? Go take a trip down Wikipedia.
Why are cosmologists ignoring most of the universe? - Plasma: The other 99.9%

They don't ignore it. They simply don't believe it plays a fantastically important role in the large-scale structure of the universe.
 
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Doveaman

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Doveaman, you're tying yourself in knots.
I’ll try to work myself out. Thanks. :)
This entire conversation is centred around a hypothetical scenario: we have a hypothetical house, and a hypothetical description of that house. We know the house is hypothetical because we (by which I mean me, Wiccan_Child, and you, Doveaman) are having a hypothetical discussion. We're talking about a 'what' if'.
Maybe I was misunderstood. Forgive me. :sorry:

OK, let’s try this:

Lets say a plasma house was observed in space but because of lack of proper experiment on your part it was hypothesized by you to be a dark-energy house, without any experimental confirmation that dark-energy exist.

This would mean, then, that the hypothetical explanation you gave for that house has no basis in reality since you are not actually describing the plasma house but only a hypothetical dark-energy house that you think exist.

If the hypothetical explanation is flawed for lack of experiment then you end up seeing houses in space that are not really there.
 
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