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Shortly after Nicea a powerful Anti-Nicene group developed which for years refused to accept the homoousion as the test of orthodoxy. Against these Anti-Nicene a smaller group, headed by Athanasius, battled tenaciously for the Nicene homoousion and put forth a sound Trinitarian doctrine. But this doctrine left unsolved many questions about the divine persons, their definition and distinction and relation to one another and to the godhead.
The Council of Nicea had merely declared, 'And we believe in the Holy Spirit.' Augustine's theology left many questions unanswered: What is the nature of the two processions? How do they differ? Why are there only two processions and only three persons?
What, how many years after the death of Christ did it take to fool people in the belief of a polythestic God intead on the one Paul taught?
Between Augustine in the 5th century and Anselm in the 12th, two men stood out for their Trinitarian contributions, Boethius (d. 524) and Eriugena (d. 877 c.). In the 13th century Dominicans and Franciscans .
There were three great Trinitarian councils in the 13th and 15th centuries. In the 17th century Protestant theologians .
Kant, by his Critiques, put an end to the Enlightenment; he rejected both orthodox and rationalist views of religion, regarded the doctrine of the Trinity as of no practical value, and opened the way to the modern theological mood.
We do not intend to seek in the Old Testament and in the New Testament what is not there, a formal statement of Trinitarian doctrine. More recent scholars find no evidence in the Old Testament that any sacred writer believed in or suspected the existence of a divine paternity and filiation within the Godhead itself.
The word of Yahweh effects what it signifies : 'so shall my word be that goes forth from my mouth; it shall not return to me empty, but it shall accomplish that which I purpose' (Is 55.11).1 The word of Yahweh is a creative agent, and it is fulfilled in the visible creation that results from it (Genesis ch. 1). Nature as well as history is a word that reveals Yahweh who speaks it, but the word of Yahweh is also the written law.
Nowhere in the Old Testament is there any solid evidence that a sacred writer viewed the word of Yahweh as a personal being distinct from Yahweh, and thus had intimations of plurality within the Godhead. The word of Yahweh is only Yahweh acting, or the means by which He revealed His will to men. It has been much discussed down the centuries. Jewish speculation saw in it the affirmation of the pre-existence of the Law, which was easily identified with the wisdom of God. The Arians found in it a strong argument to show that Christ was but a creature.' The people of the Old Testament, however, did not see wisdom as a person to be addressed. Today scholars agree with them and see in wisdom only God's own activity, or an attribute of God, or just a personification, or an extension of the divine personality.
But to the people of the Old Testament the wisdom of God was never a person to be addressed but only a personification of an attribute or activity of Yahweh. PART ONE The Biblical Witness to God
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