Yes it does. Exodus 34:28
Technically in the Hebrew of the text these are called "the ten words", Aseret HaDabaryim; being the ten words written on the two tablets of stone.
The Septuagint likewise calls them τοὺς δέκα λόγους (tous deka logous, "the ten words"), and the Vulgate
verba foederis decem (which I think would translate "ten words of covenant").
The importance of these ten in particular is largely a matter of extra-biblical tradition, in Judaism all 613 mitzvot (of which these ten are part of) are of equal value; but extra-biblical tradition has understood these as having a particular importance. In Christian usage the "Ten Words" or "Ten Sayings" are often comprehended as providing a kind of summation of moral or ethical teaching. Hence Christian catechetical materials have often included elaborations on them, and the importance of remembering them. The Bible itself never presents them as something particularly unique apart from the rest of the Torah, and notably when rabbinical authorities discussed the idea of what is "the greatest commandment" they usually don't go to the ten, but to one of the other commandments. It is this rabbinical context that Jesus Himself is asked, "Rabbi, what is the greatest commandment?" Jesus doesn't point to any of the ten, but instead points to "You shall love the Lord your God..." and "You shall love your neighbor as your self" (Mark's account includes also the Shema, "Hear O Israel, the LORD your God, the LORD is one.").
Neither Jewish tradition nor Christian tradition presents any of the Ten as "the greatest". In rabbinical literature and tradition we find the famous case of a Gentile attempting to discredit Judaism by going around asking various rabbinical experts on the most important part of the Torah, various rabbinical authorities are mentioned, but then the Gentile approaches the great Hillel the Elder who answers, "What is hateful to you do not do unto others, this is the whole of the Torah, the rest is commentary", a sentiment that Jesus Himself echoes in its inverse, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you, this is the Law and the Prophets." (Jesus is, fundamentally, repeating a well known Jewish perspective a la the great sage Hillel).
I say all this really to just make the statement that, when we boil it all down, the Bible
doesn't really talk about "The Ten Commandments", this concept is not itself present in the biblical texts, but exists outside of the biblical texts in the traditions of Judaism and Christianity (in different ways). Indeed, while we are told there are ten words or sayings on the tablets, they are additionally left un-numbered; that the list of mitzvot presented in Exodus 20 are those ten sayings is agreed, but the enumeration of them is likewise a matter of tradition: Jews number them one way, and Christians have various ways of numbering them:
1) The Eastern Churches have one way of numbering them.
2) St. Augustine presented a numbering schema that was used in the Western Church until the Reformation, and remains the numbering used by Catholics and Lutherans (and, I believe, at least some Anglicans?)
3) John Calvin's numbering schema is the one used by virtually all Protestants except Lutherans.
As such there are [at least] four different numbering schemas; all independent of the biblical text itself.
-CryptoLutheran
