So what did Christians in Germany do to stop the Nazis? Heinberg wrote in his 1937 book on major European governments that the Pastor's Emergency League, an organization of some 3,000 pastors under the leadership of Pastor Martin Niemoller, furnished strong opposition at the outset to the German Christian Church (a Nazi invention).
Ronald Kain, in his 1939 book, Europe: Versailles to Warsaw, wrote that Nazi treatment of the Jews offended serious Christians, and he also points out the fundamental antagonism between Christianity and Nazism, even within the German military, by noting that the chaplains of the German army in the autumn of 1937 protested to Chancellor Hitler against the Nazi campaign against the Christian churches. They warned him that a future war will find the German nation in the midst of the bitterness brought about by the conflict between Christianity and National Socialism.
Hambloch, also in 1939, wrote that it was not mere chance that an anti-Christian movement in Nazi Germany should have happened alongside anti-Jewish persecution, noting that no contortion of Christianity could allow the persecution of Jews that the Nazis were inflicting, and that the Nazis were not even trying to reconcile their actions with Christianity. The reaction of German Protestant clergy to genuine anti-Semitism, racial hatred of Jews, was to flock to a persecuted anti-Nazi Christian organization.
The opposition of Christians to anti-Semitism within Nazi Germany was direct and emphatic. In a memorandum from the leaders of the Confessing Church at Whitsundie, 1936, they stated:
"When blood, race, nationality and honor are regarded as eternal values, then the first commandment obliges the Christian to refuse this valuation. When the Aryan is glorified, the Word of God teaches that all men are sinful. If the Christian is forced by the Anti-semitism (sic) of the Nazi Weltanschauung to hate the Jew, he is, on the contrary, bidden by the Christian commandment to love his neighbor."