Yet the Church keeps the first day and has since the beginning. It is the Jews who keep the seventh day. For them keeping the seventh day is part of the ancient Israelite religion from which modern Judaism arose after the destruction of Jerusalem and the deportation of the Jews from Judea in 135 AD.
There is historical evidence for Sunday worship as of about 150 yrs after Christ's death, in Justin Martyr's writings. When you say, "since the beginning," do you mean during the time of Christ's life? Immediately after His death? During the time of Paul? After the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70? Or some other time in the 1st century?
I asked ChatGPT about this:
QUESTIONS: There is debate about the origin of the day of worship being on Saturday (Sabbath) vs Sunday. What is the evidence for the origin of Sunday worship?
ANSWER: The transition from Sabbath (Saturday) worship to Sunday worship in early Christianity is a topic of considerable historical and theological interest. Several pieces of evidence and factors contributed to this shift:
- The Resurrection of Jesus:
- The primary theological reason for Sunday worship is the belief that Jesus rose from the dead on the first day of the week, which is Sunday. This event is seen as foundational to Christian faith and is celebrated weekly as a "mini-Easter."
- New Testament References:
- While the New Testament does not explicitly command Sunday worship, there are indications of early Christian gatherings on the first day of the week. For example, Acts 20:7 mentions Christians gathering to break bread on the first day of the week, and 1 Corinthians 16:2 refers to setting aside offerings on the first day.
- The Didache and Early Christian Writings:
- The Didache, an early Christian document, implies a distinction between Jewish and Christian practices, though it does not specifically mention Sunday worship.
- Ignatius of Antioch, in his letter to the Magnesians (early 2nd century), contrasts the Jewish Sabbath with the Christian "Lord's Day," which is Sunday.
- Pliny the Younger:
- In his letters to Emperor Trajan (c. 112 AD), Pliny describes Christians gathering on a "fixed day" before dawn to sing hymns to Christ. While not specifically mentioning Sunday, this could align with the practice of Sunday worship.
- Justin Martyr (c. 100 – 165 AD):
- In his "First Apology," Justin Martyr explicitly mentions that Christians gather on Sunday to commemorate the resurrection of Jesus and because it is the day God began creation.
- Church Fathers and Councils:
- Over time, writings from other Church Fathers and decisions from early church councils reinforced Sunday as the primary day of Christian worship. The Council of Laodicea (c. 363-364 AD) later formalized this practice by discouraging Sabbath observance in favor of Sunday.
- Separation from Judaism:
- As Christianity grew and spread among Gentiles, there was a conscious effort to distinguish Christian practices from Jewish customs. This included moving from the Jewish Sabbath to the "Lord's Day" (Sunday).
These factors, among others, contributed to the establishment of Sunday as the principal day of worship in Christianity, a tradition that has continued in most Christian denominations to this day.
QUESTION: So what is the earliest explicit date showing Sunday worship?
ANSWER: The earliest explicit reference to Sunday worship in Christian texts comes from
Justin Martyr, a Christian apologist writing in the mid-2nd century. In his work, "First Apology," written around 155 AD, Justin describes the Christian practice of gathering on Sunday for communal worship. He states:
"And on the day called Sunday, all who live in cities or in the country gather together to one place, and the memoirs of the apostles or the writings of the prophets are read, as long as time permits; then, when the reader has ceased, the president verbally instructs, and exhorts to the imitation of these good things... But Sunday is the day on which we all hold our common assembly, because it is the first day on which God, having wrought a change in the darkness and matter, made the world; and Jesus Christ our Savior on the same day rose from the dead." (First Apology, Chapter 67)
This passage provides a clear and explicit description of Sunday worship and its theological significance for early Christians. Justin's account is significant because it not only confirms the practice but also provides reasoning behind the choice of Sunday, linking it to both creation and the resurrection of Jesus.
QUESTION: Is there evidence for 7th day worship in the 1st century?
ANSWER: Yes, there is evidence that early Christians, particularly those of Jewish origin, continued to observe the Sabbath on the seventh day (Saturday) during the 1st century. This practice reflected the Jewish roots of Christianity and the fact that the earliest Christians were Jewish. Here are some points that highlight this practice:
- New Testament References:
- The Book of Acts and the Gospels show that Jesus and his disciples observed the Sabbath. For example, Acts 13:14 and 16:13 mention Paul attending synagogue services on the Sabbath to preach to both Jews and God-fearing Gentiles.
- Jewish-Christian Communities:
- Jewish Christians, such as those in Jerusalem and other parts of Judea, would have naturally continued to observe the Sabbath as part of their cultural and religious heritage.
- The Epistle to the Hebrews:
- While not explicitly mentioning Sabbath observance, the letter to the Hebrews (written in the latter half of the 1st century) discusses the concept of "rest" in a spiritual sense, which may have resonated with Sabbath themes.
- Historical Context:
- The early church was diverse, comprising both Jewish and Gentile believers. Jewish Christians likely maintained Sabbath observance alongside their new Christian practices.
- Early Church Writings:
- While most explicit references to Sabbath observance in Christian writings appear in texts from the 2nd century and later, the lack of early explicit prohibitions against Sabbath-keeping suggests it was still practiced by some groups.
Overall, while there is evidence of 7th-day Sabbath observance among early Christians, especially those of Jewish origin, the transition to Sunday worship began to take shape as Christianity spread among Gentiles and sought to distinguish itself from Judaism.
KT