Did the King James translators do the best they could? The original King James Bible had notes in it, and I don’t have access to those. Without having access to those notes, it looks like they were excessively literal at best. Ironically, many KJV advocates today object to notes. They think that footnotes weaken the authority of the text. Authority is more important than accuracy in their eyes.
John Wycliffe (1330-1384) is an interesting figure in religious history. He did a translation of the Bible, which is one of the earlier Bibles the KJV translators borrowed from. Wycliffe seems to have used a method of giving the most literal, or most obvious translation of a passage, and then putting what he thinks it means in parenthesis.
What follows is the Wycliffe translation of most of the verses I’ve already quoted in the KJV and RSV. Wycliffe gives “unicorn” or “unicorns” as the most obvious translation but switches to “wild ox” in his parenthetical translation. Wycliffe died in 1384, so over two hundred years before the KJV, Wycliffe clearly realized that the wild ox is most likely the animal that the original manuscripts are talking about.
21 None idol is in Jacob, neither simulacrum is seen in Israel; his Lord God is with him, and the sound of the victory of a king is in him. (There is no idolatry in Jacob, no false god is seen in Israel; the Lord their God is with them, and they hear the shout of the victory of their King.)
22 The Lord God led him out of Egypt, whose strength is like
an unicorn; (The Lord God led them out of Egypt, whose strength is like
a wild ox
Numbers 23:21-22 WYC
17 As the first engendered of a bull is the fairness of him;
the horns of an unicorn be the horns of him; in those he shall winnow folks, till to the terms of [the] earth. These be the multitudes of Ephraim, and these be the thousands of Manasseh. (His fairness is like the first-born of a bull; his horns be like
the horns of a wild ox; and with them he shall winnow the nations, unto the ends of the earth. Such shall be the multitudes of Ephraim, and the thousands of Manasseh.)
Deuteronomy 33:17 WYC
9 Whether an unicorn shall desire to serve thee, either shall dwell at thy cratch? (Shall a wild ox desire to serve thee, or shall he stay in thy stall?)
10 Whether thou shalt bind
the unicorn with thy chain, for to ear thy land, either shall he break the clots of the valleys after thee? (Shalt thou bind
the wild ox with thy chain, to plow thy land, or shall he break up the clods of the valleys after thee?)
Job 39:9-10 WYC
21 Make thou me safe from the mouth of a lion; and my meekness from
the horns of unicorns. (Save thou me from the lion’s mouth; yea, my poor body from
the horns of these bulls.)
Psalm 22:21 WYC
5 The voice of the Lord breaking cedars; and the Lord shall break the cedars of Lebanon. (The voice of the Lord breaketh the cedars; yea, the Lord breaketh the cedars of Lebanon.)
6 And he shall all-break them to dust, as a calf of the Lebanon; and the darling was as the son of
an unicorn. (And he maketh Lebanon to jump like a calf; and Sirion to leap like
a young wild ox.)
Psalm 29:5-6 WYC
10 And mine horn shall be raised as
an unicorn; and mine eld (age shall be) in plenteous mercy. (But my head shall be raised up, like the horn of
a wild ox; and I shall be richly anointed with oil.)
Psalm 92:10 WYC
7 And
unicorns shall go down with them, and bulls with them that be mighty (And
wild oxen shall go down with them, and bulls with other mighty beasts); the land of them shall be filled with blood, and the earth of them with [the] inner fatness of fat beasts;
Isaiah 34:7 WYC