3. There are people outside the Covenant who were not written in the Book of Life at all.
This is not Scripture. This is not what John wrote. John was saying that these people were removed after the 7th Seal was opened. You are contradicting the Scripture that declares God is not willing that any should perish, but that all come to repentance.
That does not mean all will repent. This does mean that according to election, every soul ever conceived was written down upon God's will that all will come to repentance. So God, even in foreknowledge, did not just write down some names, that would physically descend from Abraham. That would be considered ridiculous.
You are inserting your human opinion, based upon some English Grammar from the last few hundred years. At the point they were given the mark is when they were not found in the Lamb's book of life. John writes Revelation in the past tense, even though the events are still future. The order given is this: all dwelling on the earth, of whom, not have been written, the names of them in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the founding of the world.
This can be interpreted they are not named when John wrote this down in the future. Revelation was not written as if in the first century. It was written as John had just witnessed each event in the future.
Moses understood that no names could be blotted out prior to the opening of the 6th Seal. Paul knew that as well. He mentioned the same about his first century Jews. We know that the Lamb was slain from God's perspective prior to creation. We know there was also a book with every one's name also since before Creation. What we cannot say is that God only chose to redeem a certain percentage of humanity. That would contradict all those verses that declare God chose to save the whole world. Yes, at the same time even at certain points, God reserved the right to destroy them all, who would not repent. God is willing to both redeem and destroy any human. God would prefer to redeem all over destroying all flesh. And, yes even at times God repented that He had even made mankind. It is way better that humans repent, than we make God repent.
Moses was referring to the Lamb's book of life. The one sealed that only the Lamb could unseal.
After the events of Revelation 13, John could write they were never in the Lamb's book of life. It is the same thought as this: Matthew 7:22-23
"Many will say to me in that day, Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in thy name? and in thy name have cast out devils? and in thy name done many wonderful works? And then will I profess unto them,
I never knew you: depart from me, ye that work iniquity."
How can an all knowing God never know all those placed in the LOF? God did know them, and they were all in the Lamb's book of life until they were removed and that is when God declared they had never even existed.
So John is writing about those with the mark. There will be humans walking on earth who can never be redeemed, not even at the GWT. But this is not referring to all those who died in the past and are in sheol. That is what the GWT judgment is for. They will either be resurrected into eternal life or removed from the Lamb's book of life at that point.
Your error is claiming there were some people named in the Lamb's book of life in the past and some who were not. This is directly related to Reformation Theology that declares only a limited Atonement that only covered an elect few. No, God elected every soul for redemption, that is why God in foreknowledge wrote down every name and then sealed the book even before creation and before Adam chose to disobey God. God only chooses not to know those after they have been removed from the Lamb's book of life. Limited Atonement means the majority of humanity snuck past God and were born without His knowledge.
Now you can say that God chooses to have mercy on some and not others. Romans 9:13-18. Does that pertain to Salvation or how God works on humans to carry out His Sovereign Will? I think they are separate issues.
"As it is written, Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated. What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? God forbid. For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion. So then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that sheweth mercy. For the scripture saith unto Pharaoh, Even for this same purpose have I raised thee up, that I might shew my power in thee, and that my name might be declared throughout all the earth. Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth."
It was not that God hated Esau from the foundation of the earth. God did not harden Pharaoh from the foundation of the earth. These verses show God stepping in at times during creation to bring about certain events God deemed necessary for His ultimate plan of salvation. He hardened Pharaoh's heart in opposition to God's plan. This was to show the strength of Pharaoh's defeat. God hated Esau because he was a failure, not because God was unrighteous. God does show mercy on whom He chooses. That is different from saying Jesus only died on the Cross to save an elect few.
Did God have mercy and compassion on Jesus who bore the cup of a brutal trial and crucifixion? Did God harden His own people's hearts to kill their own Messiah? Yes, all part of the plan to have an Atonement for every soul ever conceived. Jesus even prayed, "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do". So the Atonement was even for all those responsible for the cup Jesus had to drink from. It was still their individual choices to ask God for forgiveness, no matter what the sin.