continued topic: Science in the Qur'an
Sun and the Moon
1)A)"Allah is the one who made the sun a shining object and the moon as a light, and measured out (their) stages, that you may know the number of years and count (of time), Allah did not create this but in truth; he (thus) explains his signs in detail, for those who understand." 10:5
B)"Blessed is he who made constellations in the skies and placed therein a lamp(sun) and a moon giving light." 25:61
C)"Do you not see how Allah has created the seven heavens one above another; and made the moon a light in their midst, and made the sun a lamp." 71:15-16
Explanation: It should be noted that the Bible always refer to the sun and the moon with a similar word i.e.,light. It adds to the one adjective greater and to the other lesser. It states: "the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night." Genesis 1:17.
If Muhammad copied from the Bible as some claim, he should have also used similar a similar word for the sun and the moon. The Qur'an however uses different words for the sun and the moon. One is called Noor(light), refering to the moon. The other is called Siraj or Zia(lamp), refering to the sun. This acknowledges that the sun is the source of light while the moon only reflects the sun's light. This is a scientific fact that the moon is only a reflector of light and the sun is the only source of light. The Qur'an stated this centuries ago.
Question: Why did'nt Muhammad use similar words to refer to the sun and moon like the Bible? Did he know that the Sun was the source of light while the moon is the reflector? Is this why two words were used?
2) "The sun runs on its fixed course for a term (appointed); that is the decree of the All-Mighty, the All-Knowing." 36:38
Explanation: Our galaxy consists of a large number of stars clustered in the form of a disc. The sun occupies a position in this galaxy far from the center. This galaxy revolves on its own axis, which is the center. This results in the movement of the sun in a circular orbit around the same center. The galaxy takes 250 million years to complete one revolution. The sun while completing this revolution, travels at roughly 150 miles per second. This is what is termed as the fixed course the sun travels as stated in the Qur'an. Obviously Muhammad nor those around him at the time knew this.
Question: How did Muhammad know that the sun runs ina fixed course?
3)A)"Verily, your lord is one. Lord of the heavens and the earth, and all between them, and the lord of every point at the rising of the sun." 37:5
B)"He is the lord of the two easts, and the lord of the two wests." 55:17
C)"Now I do call to witness the lord of all points in the East and West." 70:40
Explanation: The two easts are the two extreme points where the sun rises during the year. Similarly, the two west include the two extreme points of the sun's setting. The other two verses refer to the varying points of sunrise and sunset. Those who live away from the equator can see that the sun rises at different points in the east and sets at different points int the west. In fact the farther a person lives from the equator, the more clear it is to se the points of sunrise and sunset. However Muhammad lives in the Arabian Penninsula, which is not far from the equator and so it is difficult to observe these points.
Question: How did Muhammed know of the varying points of sunrise and sunset?
4)A)"(Allah is the) One who created the night, and the day, and the sun and the moon, (all celestial bodies) swim along, each in its (own) orbit." 21:33
B)"It is not permitted to the sun to overtake the moon, nor can the night outstrip the day, each swims along in (its own) orbit." 36:40
Explanation: The Arabic word used is Falak. Almost all english translations have translated this word to mean orbit. Now it should be recalled that the dicovery of the movement of all celestial bodies and the discovery that thier movement is in an orbital mode is due to the invention of the telescope. Obviously Muhammad did not have a telescope in the sixth century. Yet, a new concept, that of movement of the sun and moon in orbits was in the Qur'an.
Question: How did Muhammad know of the orbits of celestial bodies?