Reptiles do not cross species and become foul.
"Reptiles" and "foul" are not the names of species. However, all reptiles and foul are amniotes and vertebrates, so where is the problem? How does this disprove evolution?
Monkeys dont cross species and become Human.
Again, "Monkeys" and "Human" are not names of species. However, all monkeys and humans are primates so where is the problem? How does this disprove evolution?
Here are some links for you.
http://www.simpletoremember.com/vitals/Evolution_Facts.htm
It's hard to have a discussion with a website.
At the basis of the theory of neo-Darwinian evolution lie two basic assumptions: that changes in morphologies are induced by random mutations on the genome, and that these changes in the morphology of plant or animal make the life form either more or less successful in the competition to survive. With nature doing the selection, evolutionists claim to remove the theory of evolution from that of a random process. We are told that the selection is in no way random. It is a function of the environment. The randomness, however, remains as the basic driving force that produces the varied mutations from among which the selection by survival takes place. [/quote]
Random mutations produce variety. Natural selection provides a non-random mechanism by which variations are perpetuated in a population. Evolution is best described as a stochastic process.
The question is: Can random mutations produce the evolution of life?
It certainly produces variation, which is all anyone claims it does.
Because evolution is primarily a study of the history of life, statistical analyses of evolution are plagued by having to assume the many conditions that were extant during those long gone eras. Rates of mutations, the contents of the "original DNA," and environmental conditions -- all these affect the rate and direction of the changes in morphology. And these are all unknowns.
How does this falsify evolution?
From a secular view, one must never ask what the likelihood is that a specific set of mutations will occur to produce a specific animal.
That is asked all of the time, and in some circumstances it is actually measured.
With this background, let's look at the process of evolution. Life is in essence a symbiotic combination of proteins (and other structures, but here I'll discuss only the proteins). The history of life teaches us that not all combinations of proteins are viable.
Non-viable orgnaisms do not reproduce, so where is the problem again? You have about 150 point mutations not found in either of your parents. How do you explain this?
At an event recorded in the fossil record and known as the Cambrian explosion of animal life, some 50 phyla (basic body plans) suddenly and simultaneously appeared in the fossil record. This is the first appearance of complex animal life. Only 30 to 34 of the phyla survived. The rest perished. Since then the fossil record and modern existing biota reveal that no new phyla have evolved.
It is impossible to evolve new phyla in the same way that it is impossible for you to have new grandparents.
At a later stage in the flow of life, a catastrophic event (possibly the collision of the earth with a massive comet or meteor) eliminated 90% of all life forms. The ecology was wide open for new phyla to develop. Again, no new phyla appear. The implication is that only a limited number of life forms (phyla) are viable.
What you fail to mention is that hundreds and hundreds of Orders, Classes, Families, and Genera have evolved since the Cambrian and Permian extinction. How do you explain this?
It is no wonder that the most widely read science journal, Scientific American, asked "has the mechanism of evolution altered in ways that prevent fundamental changes in body plans of animals" (November 1992).
The answer is probably yes. But this has to do with developmental biology.
It is difficult and painful to discard entrenched notions of what is actually true, even when scientific data demand such an abandonment.
This is quite ironic coming from a creationist.
Pure randomness as the source of the mutations that neo-Darwinian concepts demand to drive the evolution of life no longer stands against the mounting evidence of scientific data.
Actually, yes they do. Do a google for "Luria Delbruck fluctuation assay" and "Lederberg plate replica experiment". Both of these experiments plainly show that mutations appear before they are needed and are indepedent of fitness.
Unfortunately, the emotional commitment to a totally materialist view of life makes discarding this notion problematic.
Let's look at the likelihood that random mutations could have produced viable forms of life. Life as we know it is built largely of combinations of proteins working in symbiotic harmony. But as we've seen, only certain combinations produce viable life. Other combinations fail.
There are billions of species, and each species is made up of a genetically diverse population. It would seem that the number of viable combinations is probably in the billions of billions.
Humans and all mammals have some 50,000 genes. That implies, as an order of magnitude estimate, some 50,000 to 100,000 proteins active in mammalian bodies. It is estimated that there are some 30 animal phyla on Earth. If the genomes of each animal phylum produced 100,000 proteins, and no proteins were common among any of the phyla (a fact we know to be false, but an assumption that makes our calculations favor the random evolutionary assumption), there would be (30 x 100,000) 3 million proteins in all life. (The actual number is vastly lower.)
Now let's consider the likelihood of these 3 million viable combinations of proteins forming by chance, recalling that the events following the Cambrian explosion of animal life and the later decimation of 90% of life taught us that only certain combinations of proteins are viable.
There is so much wrong here that it would take an hour to point them all out. What you are ignoring is that homologous proteins are not identical, gene regulation is an important factor in determining morphology, and that the species which survived an extinction event are not the only possible body plans.
Proteins are complex coils of several hundred amino acids. Take a typical protein to be a chain of 200 amino acids. The observed range is from less than 100 amino acids per protein to greater than 1000. There are 20 commonly occurring amino acids that join in varying combinations to produce the proteins of life. This means that the number of possible combinations of the amino acids in our model protein of 200 amino acids is 20 to the power of 200 (i.e. 20 multiplied by itself 200 times), or in the more usual 10-based system of numbers, approximately 10 to the power of 260 (i.e. the number one, followed by 260 zeros!). Nature has the option of choosing among the 10 to power of 260 possible proteins, the 3 million proteins of which all viable life is composed. In other words, for each one correct choice, there are 10 to power of 254 wrong choices!
Your 3 million protein number is completely wrong. Therefore, everything else stemming from it is wrong.
Simon Conway Morris, professor of evolutionary paleontology at the University of Cambridge and fellow of the Royal Society of England, is the scientist who revealed the significance of the Cambrian explosion of animal life. He refers to this vast biological waste land of failed life forms as the "multidimensional hyperspace of biological reality."
Can this have happened by random mutations of the genome? Not if our understanding of statistics is correct.
Who is the "our". YOUR understanding of statistics is wrong. Don't project your mistakes onto us.
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