Nestorianism is the
doctrine that
Jesus exists as two persons, the man Jesus and the divine Son of God, or
Logos, rather than as a unified person. This doctrine is identified with
Nestorius (
c.
386–c.
451),
Patriarch of Constantinople. This view of Christ was condemned at the
Council of Ephesus in
431, and the conflict over this view led to the
Nestorian schism, separating the
Assyrian Church of the East from the
Byzantine Church.
The
Assyrian Church of the East refused to drop support for Nestorius and denounce him as an heretic, and it has continued to be called "Nestorian" in the West, to distinguish it from other ancient Eastern churches. However, the Church of the East does not regard its doctrine as truly Nestorian, but rather teaches the view of
Babai the Great, that Christ has two
qnome (essences) which are unmingled and eternally united in one
parsopa (personality). According to some interpretations, the origin of this confusion is mostly historical and linguistic: for example, the
Greeks had two words for 'person', which translated poorly into
Syriac, and the meanings of these terms were not even quite settled during Nestorius' lifetime.
Nestorianism originated in the Church in the 5th century out of an attempt to rationally explain and understand the incarnation of the divine Logos, the Second Person of the Holy Trinity as the man Jesus Christ. Nestorianism taught that the human and divine essences of Christ are separate and that there are two persons, the man Jesus Christ and the divine Logos, which dwelt in the man. In consequence, Nestorians rejected such terminology as "God suffered" or "God was crucified", because the humanity of Jesus Christ which suffered is separate from his divinity. Likewise, they rejected the term
Theotokos (Giver of birth to God/Mother of God) as a title of the
Virgin Mary, suggesting instead the title
Christotokos (Giver of birth to Christ/Mother of Christ), because in their opinion Mary gave birth to only the human person of Jesus and not the divine.