According to this doctrine the Church rivals Israel by claiming that she is the "New Israel of the Spirit" superseding the "old Israel of the flesh". This incredibly arrogant claim of the Church found its legal expressions in the "Codex Justinian", which subsequently spawned the Inquisition, the Crusades, as well as multiple expulsions and pogroms. Whereas, today we see this theory manifest itself by calling for "even-handedness" in the Arab/Israel controversy. According to this theory all of G-d's promises to 'physical' Israel have been cancelled, as they have been transferred to 'spiritual' Israel - i.e. the Church. Thus they have tried to make this theory fit with literally hundreds, if not thousands, of prophecies and inspired statements in the Bible that refer to the ultimate "Restoration of Israel". Even though the contexts in which many of these inspired statements are set clearly indicate reference to a 'literal' and 'physical' restoration of the Whole House of Israel, they have tried to rationalize this by 'spiritualizing' them away. For centuries the church has tried to impose its own interpretation on scripture. The Bible, however, is a book about Israel , and Israel alone! The reason Christianity has largely ignored the prophecies about the House of Israel is because they totally mess up her theology. While Christians have a concept of 'personal redemption', 'national redemption' is something that is foreign to them. Yet nearly ninety percent of the prophetic books of the Bible are about the redemption of the House/Nation of Israel . If the established Christian Church today were to recognize that all these prophecies refer to a 'literal' and 'physical' Israel after all, her entire theological card house would collapse. With this crucial vested interest at stake, it should not surprise us that their leaders are wholly opposed to any idea of a physical, literal Israel playing any role in end-time eschatology.