So, the second part I want to examine the Gospels. I want to show teachings of Jesus, and statements made about Jesus concerning the sabbath. There are events described as taking place on the sabbath, so what Jesus teaches on those days may be considered, and some events talking place on those days may be considered. I will include every passage found in these books. You'll notice there is far more mention here than in Romans-Revelation.
Gospel of Mark
Mark 1:21 and following. ON the Sabbath Jesus teaches and exorcises a demon. The first is not too important since the Rabbi's taught in Synagogues on the sabbath it seems. However, the exorcising gets the Pharisees' mad at Jesus later on because they think He's working on the Sabbath.
Mark 2:23-28
23 Now it happened that He went through the grainfields on the Sabbath; and as they went His disciples began to pluck the heads of grain. 24
And the Pharisees said to Him, Look, why do they do what is not lawful on the Sabbath?
25
But He said to them, Have you never read what David did when he was in need and hungry, he and those with him: 26 how he went into the house of God in the days of Abiathar the high priest, and ate the showbread, which is not lawful to eat except for the priests, and also gave some to those who were with him?
27 And He said to them, The Sabbath was made for man, and not man for the Sabbath. 28 Therefore the Son of Man is also Lord of the Sabbath.
Notice that the disciples were doing unlawful things on the sabbath. They broke the Sabbath, and Jesus doesn't deny that, but actually defend them. This indicates that the strict observance to the sabbath is less important than say feeding yourself. It is also important to notice the difference between the Pharisees' opinion of the sabbath, and Jesus' view because many times they have differing views. The Pharisees are always strict on observing the sabbath, and Jesus doesn't seem to be. Our Lord says He is Lord of the sabbath, but it is used to vindicate his disciples' actions instead of condemning them
Mark 3:1-6
And He entered the synagogue again, and a man was there who had a withered hand. 2 So they watched Him closely,
whether He would heal him on the Sabbath, so that they might accuse Him. 3 And He said to the man who had the withered hand, Step forward. 4 Then He said to them,
Is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do evil, to save life or to kill? But they kept silent. 5 And when He had looked around at them with anger, being grieved by the hardness of their hearts, He said to the man, Stretch out your hand. And he stretched
it out, and his hand was restored as whole as the other.[
a] 6
Then the Pharisees went out and immediately plotted with the Herodians against Him, how they might destroy Him.
So, notice that the Pharisees's see Jesus healing someone on the sabbath as bad because they leaving plotting against Him. However, Jesus' view is that it is lawful to
do good on the sabbath. Notice that there is no mention of resting, but working.
Mark 6:2
2 And when the Sabbath had come, He began to teach in the synagogue. And many hearing
Him were astonished, saying, Where
did this Man
get these things? And what wisdom
is this which is given to Him, that such mighty works are performed by His hands!
Mark 15:42
42 Now when evening had come, because it was the Preparation Day, that is, the day before the Sabbath,
Mark 16:1
Now when the Sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene, Mary
the mother of James, and Salome bought spices, that they might come and anoint Him.
Gospel of Matthew
Matthew 12:1-14
I won't post this one in its entirety because it is the same basically word for word as Mark 2 and Mark 3 except with a few differences.
Matthew 12:5-7 is added
5 Or have you not read in the law that on the Sabbath
the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath, and are blameless? 6 Yet I say to you that in this place
there is One greater than the temple. 7 But if you had known what
this means,
I desire mercy and not sacrifice,[a] you would not have condemned the guiltless. 8
Jesus' says that the Priests profaned the Sabbath and are blameless. You have to deal with what Jesus is saying, He is saying that obeying the sabbath is not the important thing here.
Matthew 24:20
19 But woe to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing babies in those days! 20 And pray that your flight may no
t be in winter or on the Sabbath. 21 For then there will be great tribulation, such as has not been since the beginning of the world until this time, no, nor ever shall be.
This verse 20 is in the middle of a prophetic utterance and notice how it is coupled with the winter. Jesus seems to be saying that if the destruction He is foretelling happens on the sabbath day, or in the winter it will suck so pray to God that when it comes it won't happen on those days. he ascribes importance on the sabbath, but in a more foreboding sense, and He isn't saying that the Sabbath is to be kept.
Matthew 28:1
Now after the Sabbath, as the first
day of the week began to dawn, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary came to see the tomb.
Gospel of Luke + Acts
Luke 4:16, 31
16 So He came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up. And as His custom was, He went into the synagogue on the Sabbath day, and stood up to read.
31 Then He went down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee, and was teaching them on the Sabbaths.
Luke 6:1-11
Same as Matthew 12 and Mark 2-3. It's the same story told again
Luke 13:10-17
0 Now He was teaching in one of the synagogues on the Sabbath. 11 And behold, there was a woman who had a spirit of infirmity eighteen years, and was bent over and could in no way raise
herself up. 12 But when Jesus saw her, He called
her to
Him and said to her, Woman, you are loosed from your infirmity. 13 And He laid
His hands on her, and immediately she was made straight, and glorified God. 14
But the ruler of the synagogue answered with indignation, because Jesus had healed on the Sabbath; and he said to the crowd, There are six days on which men ought to work; therefore come and be healed on them, and not on the Sabbath day.
15 The Lord then answered him and said,
Hypocrite![b] Does not each one of you on the Sabbath loose his ox or donkey from the stall, and lead it away to water it? 16 So ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan has boundthink of itfor eighteen years, be loosed from this bond on the Sabbath? 17 And when He said these things, all His adversaries were put to shame; and all the multitude rejoiced for all the glorious things that were done by Him.
So, this is interesting. Jesus heals on the sabbath and notice how the ruler of the Synagogue responds, with anger because he thinks Jesus is breaking the sabbath, and notice how the sabbath takes a back seat to healing in Jesus' mind and Jesus' response to the leader.
Luke 14:1-6
Now it happened, as He went into the house of one of the rulers of the Pharisees to eat bread on the Sabbath, that they watched Him closely. 2 And behold, there was a certain man before Him who had dropsy. 3 And Jesus, answering, spoke to the lawyers and Pharisees, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?[
a]
4 But they kept silent. And He took
him and healed him, and let him go. 5 Then He answered them, saying, Which of you, having a donkey[
b] or an ox that has fallen into a pit, will not immediately pull him out on the Sabbath day? 6 And they could not answer Him regarding these things.
This is similar, Jesus' teaching on the sabbath, the focus is doing good on it, and healing on it, and condemnation of the Pharisees.
Luke 23:54-56
54 That day was the Preparation, and the Sabbath drew near.
55 And the women who had come with Him from Galilee followed after, and they observed the tomb and how His body was laid. 56 Then they returned and prepared spices and fragrant oils. And they rested on the Sabbath according to the commandment.
Gospel of John (this one is interesting and important)
John 5:8-18
8 Jesus said to him, Rise, take up your bed and walk. 9 And immediately the man was made well, took up his bed, and walked.
And that day was the Sabbath. 10 The Jews therefore said to him who was cured, It is the Sabbath; it is not lawful for you to carry your bed.
11 He answered them, He who made me well said to me, Take up your bed and walk.
12 Then they asked him, Who is the Man who said to you, Take up your bed and walk? 13 But the one who was healed did not know who it was, for Jesus had withdrawn, a multitude being in
that place. 14 Afterward Jesus found him in the temple, and said to him, See, you have been made well. Sin no more, lest a worse thing come upon you.
15 The man departed and told the Jews that it was Jesus who had made him well.
16
For this reason the Jews persecuted Jesus, and sought to kill Him,[c] because He had done these things on the Sabbath. 17
But Jesus answered them, My Father has been working until now, and I have been working.
18
Therefore the Jews sought all the more to kill Him, because He not only broke the Sabbath, but also said that God was His Father, making Himself equal with God.
These last parts are super important. In the Jewish mind Jesus broke the sabbath. They tried to kill him because they were convinced that he had broke the sabbath. Now, Jesus never defends himself, but we know that God is His father and He is equal with God, so it invites us to chance the way we see the sabbath. Is the strictness of the sabbath important? It seems not because if it is, then Jesus broke it, and what do you do with that?
John 7:22-24
22 Moses therefore gave you circumcision (not that it is from Moses, but from the fathers), and
you circumcise a man on the Sabbath. 23
If a man receives circumcision on the Sabbath, so that the law of Moses should not be broken, are you angry with Me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath? 24 Do not judge according to appearance, but judge with righteous judgment.
Notice that the Jews break the sabbath to circumcise babies if it falls on the same day, so why should they get mad at Jesus who heals on the sabbath? Notice how the sabbath is indicated as being broken, but less than circumcision to the Jews (and we know the teaching on circumcision)
John 9:14-16
4
Now it was a Sabbath when Jesus made the clay and opened his eyes. 15 Then the Pharisees also asked him again how he had received his sight. He said to them, He put clay on my eyes, and I washed, and I see. 16 Therefore some of the Pharisees said,
This Man is not from God, because He does not keep the Sabbath.
Others said, How can a man who is a sinner do such signs? And there was a division among them.
Again the Jews believe that Jesus breaks the sabbath, and claim he is not from God because he doesn't keep the sabbath. If you believe in the strictness of the sabbath, you have to explain this. But we know that Jesus is God and sinless so how does that reinterpret our understanding of the sabbath? It's a question you have to wrestle with if you adhere to strict sabbath laws.
John 19:31
31 Therefore, because it was the Preparation
Day, that the bodies should not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken, and
that they might be taken away.
So, Jesus doesn't ever explicitly say it is necessary to strictly obey the sabbath. In fact, he is accused of breaking it, and he heals on it and works on it. Therefore, from The gospels there is nothing to suggest a strict obedience to the sabbath. That's what the Pharisees did and Jesus rebuked them calling them hypocrites.