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It has been maintained by some (particularly proponents of "Responsible Grace" theology) that chapter five of the Gospel according to John...specifically verses 39 through 47...are in conflict with the Reformed understanding of salvation and predestination. The purpose of this thread is to examine the meaning of this passage in its context and establish what is (and isn't) being said by our Lord.
To set the context, Jesus has just healed a man at Bethesda on the sabbath, drawing the ire of Jews. He further infuriated them by declaring His equality with God the Father and speaking of His authority as judge over all men. It is specifically in the context of His bold claims of equality with the Father that we pick up with the following verses:
This fourfold witness being established, Jesus then proceeds to make clear the fourfold reasons the Jews reject Christ: they do not have the Word of the Father abiding in them (v38), they do not have the love of God in themselves (v42), they do not seek the glory from the one and only God (v44), and they do not believe the testimony of Moses (v47).
(As an aside it should be noted that John 5:39 holds a particular relevance to 2 Timothy 3:15, showing that meticulous reading of the Scriptures is not enough in and of itself to bring saving faith, for the Jews knew the Scriptures quite well yet refused to accept the Christ they pointed to.)
What Jesus here establishes is the fact that their rejection of Christ makes fully manifest the true rejection of those things which bear witness to Him. If one does not accept the premises, how can one accept the conclusion? If one does not accept the testimony of those things which witness to the identity of the Christ, how will they accept the testimony of the Christ Himself?
The message of the passage is clear: the Jews reject Jesus because the reject the testimony of those who bear witness to Him. They thus show forth the fact that the Word of God does not abide in them, that they do not have the love of God in themselves, that they do not seek His glory, and that they do not believe Moses. Their rejection of Christ is the manifestation of these realities.
To the issue of this passage and its relation to Reformed doctrine, there is no conflict to be found. The notion being put forth that this passage conflicts with Reformed doctrine on the basis that the focus on the will of the Jews highlights the crucial role of man's will in salvation to the complete exclusion of God's will in election. Implicit (and sometimes explicit) in this argument is the notion that the Jews have "no choice" but to reject Christ, and therefore to rebuke them is to speak against them for something over which they had no willful control.
That the Jews' rejection of Christ is a willful action on their part is explicitly clear from the text in verse 40. However this does not preclude God's sovereignty over the salvation of men.
All men are by nature children of wrath (Eph 2:3), at enmity with God (Rom 8:7) and of a defiled mind and conscience (Titus 1:15). As such, apart from the prior work of the Holy Spirit to change their hearts unregenerate men will continually and persistently reject God in favor of their own sinful desires. The choice is clearly laid before them: repent or perish; believe or be condemned. All men possess the natural volitional ability to choose...all men are free to choose according to their desire. However, all men are in slavery to sin...they will invariably choose evil because their desires are evil. Even the superficially noble decision made is not done out of faith and is therefore sin (Rom 14:23).
As such, God's elective purposes in showing mercy to some and justice to others does not remove the responsibility of sin from the individual, for every sin committed by man is done so as an act of the will choosing according to the desire of the heart. To argue against the Reformed doctrine of predestination from this passage is tantamount to claiming the statement that a petunia has died because it did not have enough water is proof against the statement of the larger fact that there is presently a drought in the land. Both statements speak to the death of the plant, but deal with it at a different level and are not mutually exclusive. To argue that the lack of mention of God's election is proof that God's election had no bearing upon the events in view is simply a fallacious argument from silence.
So, in examining John 5:31-47 we see laid forth Jesus' examination of the fourfold witness to His identity in juxtaposition to the fourfold rejection by the Jews of this truth. It is in perfect keeping with the Reformed view.
To set the context, Jesus has just healed a man at Bethesda on the sabbath, drawing the ire of Jews. He further infuriated them by declaring His equality with God the Father and speaking of His authority as judge over all men. It is specifically in the context of His bold claims of equality with the Father that we pick up with the following verses:
31"If I alone testify about Myself, My testimony is not true. 32"There is another who testifies of Me, and I know that the testimony which He gives about Me is true.
33"You have sent to John, and he has testified to the truth. 34"But the testimony which I receive is not from man, but I say these things so that you may be saved.
35"He was the lamp that was burning and was shining and you were willing to rejoice for a while in his light.
36"But the testimony which I have is greater than the testimony of John; for the works which the Father has given Me to accomplish--the very works that I do--testify about Me, that the Father has sent Me. 37"And the Father who sent Me, He has testified of Me. You have neither heard His voice at any time nor seen His form. 38"You do not have His word abiding in you, for you do not believe Him whom He sent.
39"You search the Scriptures because you think that in them you have eternal life; it is these that testify about Me; 40and you are unwilling to come to Me so that you may have life.
41"I do not receive glory from men;
42but I know you, that you do not have the love of God in yourselves.
43"I have come in My Father's name, and you do not receive Me; if another comes in his own name, you will receive him.
44"How can you believe, when you receive glory from one another and you do not seek the glory that is from the one and only God?
45"Do not think that I will accuse you before the Father; the one who accuses you is Moses, in whom you have set your hope.
46"For if you believed Moses, you would believe Me, for he wrote about Me.
47"But if you do not believe his writings, how will you believe My words?" - John 5:31-47 (NASB)
In verse 31, Jesus begins by stating that His mere claim to His position is not sufficient testimony. He then proceeds to establish the fourfold witness to His full identity. In addition to His own testimony is that of John the Baptist (vv32-35), His own works (v36), that of the Father (v37-38) and that of the Scriptures (v39).33"You have sent to John, and he has testified to the truth. 34"But the testimony which I receive is not from man, but I say these things so that you may be saved.
35"He was the lamp that was burning and was shining and you were willing to rejoice for a while in his light.
36"But the testimony which I have is greater than the testimony of John; for the works which the Father has given Me to accomplish--the very works that I do--testify about Me, that the Father has sent Me. 37"And the Father who sent Me, He has testified of Me. You have neither heard His voice at any time nor seen His form. 38"You do not have His word abiding in you, for you do not believe Him whom He sent.
39"You search the Scriptures because you think that in them you have eternal life; it is these that testify about Me; 40and you are unwilling to come to Me so that you may have life.
41"I do not receive glory from men;
42but I know you, that you do not have the love of God in yourselves.
43"I have come in My Father's name, and you do not receive Me; if another comes in his own name, you will receive him.
44"How can you believe, when you receive glory from one another and you do not seek the glory that is from the one and only God?
45"Do not think that I will accuse you before the Father; the one who accuses you is Moses, in whom you have set your hope.
46"For if you believed Moses, you would believe Me, for he wrote about Me.
47"But if you do not believe his writings, how will you believe My words?" - John 5:31-47 (NASB)
This fourfold witness being established, Jesus then proceeds to make clear the fourfold reasons the Jews reject Christ: they do not have the Word of the Father abiding in them (v38), they do not have the love of God in themselves (v42), they do not seek the glory from the one and only God (v44), and they do not believe the testimony of Moses (v47).
(As an aside it should be noted that John 5:39 holds a particular relevance to 2 Timothy 3:15, showing that meticulous reading of the Scriptures is not enough in and of itself to bring saving faith, for the Jews knew the Scriptures quite well yet refused to accept the Christ they pointed to.)
What Jesus here establishes is the fact that their rejection of Christ makes fully manifest the true rejection of those things which bear witness to Him. If one does not accept the premises, how can one accept the conclusion? If one does not accept the testimony of those things which witness to the identity of the Christ, how will they accept the testimony of the Christ Himself?
The message of the passage is clear: the Jews reject Jesus because the reject the testimony of those who bear witness to Him. They thus show forth the fact that the Word of God does not abide in them, that they do not have the love of God in themselves, that they do not seek His glory, and that they do not believe Moses. Their rejection of Christ is the manifestation of these realities.
To the issue of this passage and its relation to Reformed doctrine, there is no conflict to be found. The notion being put forth that this passage conflicts with Reformed doctrine on the basis that the focus on the will of the Jews highlights the crucial role of man's will in salvation to the complete exclusion of God's will in election. Implicit (and sometimes explicit) in this argument is the notion that the Jews have "no choice" but to reject Christ, and therefore to rebuke them is to speak against them for something over which they had no willful control.
That the Jews' rejection of Christ is a willful action on their part is explicitly clear from the text in verse 40. However this does not preclude God's sovereignty over the salvation of men.
All men are by nature children of wrath (Eph 2:3), at enmity with God (Rom 8:7) and of a defiled mind and conscience (Titus 1:15). As such, apart from the prior work of the Holy Spirit to change their hearts unregenerate men will continually and persistently reject God in favor of their own sinful desires. The choice is clearly laid before them: repent or perish; believe or be condemned. All men possess the natural volitional ability to choose...all men are free to choose according to their desire. However, all men are in slavery to sin...they will invariably choose evil because their desires are evil. Even the superficially noble decision made is not done out of faith and is therefore sin (Rom 14:23).
As such, God's elective purposes in showing mercy to some and justice to others does not remove the responsibility of sin from the individual, for every sin committed by man is done so as an act of the will choosing according to the desire of the heart. To argue against the Reformed doctrine of predestination from this passage is tantamount to claiming the statement that a petunia has died because it did not have enough water is proof against the statement of the larger fact that there is presently a drought in the land. Both statements speak to the death of the plant, but deal with it at a different level and are not mutually exclusive. To argue that the lack of mention of God's election is proof that God's election had no bearing upon the events in view is simply a fallacious argument from silence.
So, in examining John 5:31-47 we see laid forth Jesus' examination of the fourfold witness to His identity in juxtaposition to the fourfold rejection by the Jews of this truth. It is in perfect keeping with the Reformed view.