Tharseo,
My take is that while the Greek word does indeed have a very literal and practical meaning (a rock that someone could literally strike their foot against and stumble over), both Jesus and Paul used the word metaphorically... not literally. To be sure, the natural meaning of a word will inform the metaphorical usage of the word, but it does not determine the metaphorical meaning as used by a given speaker/author.
Consequently, our task is not so much to discern the natural meaning of the word, but rather to discern how the speaker/author is using the word in the immediate context.
And as I read Jesus' usage of the metaphor, I sense a very different specific application of the metaphor as compared to Paul's employment of the term.
As I said before, when Jesus used the term, it's evident that the one who "stumbles" has ended up in hell (Take note of His assertion that it's better to go through life hand-less and eye-less than to "stumble" by that hand/eye and burn in hell - Mark 9:43-48). By contrast, when Paul describes someone who "stumbles," he describes a person that has violated his/her own conscience by participating in a morally-neutral activity which they still believe is wrong ("to him who thinks anything to be unclean, to him it is unclean." - Rom 14:14). In Paul's mind, there is literally nothing sinful about the actual activity the "stumbler" is participating in... only the fact that he's doing it in violation of his conscience. These two usages of the "stumbling block" metaphor are different.
I make this claim solely on the contextual usage of the term by each speaker. As in all efforts to interpret the scriptures, "context is king."
Can you demonstrate that my analysis of the context is in error?
Thank you very much for giving the details.
Unfortunately, there are no hints that Paul used it in a different way. I did a quick word study, but since it is really quick, I don't want to say something I am not absolutely sure. But I will explain how I study the word "stumble" in 1 Corinthians 8 to you.
1 Corinthians 8:9-13: "But take care that this liberty of yours does not somehow become a
stumbling block to the weak. For if someone sees you, who have knowledge, dining in an idol's temple, will not his conscience, if he is weak, be strengthened to eat things sacrificed to idols? For through your knowledge he who is weak is
ruined, the brother for whose sake Christ died. And so, by
sinning against the brethren and wounding their conscience when it is weak, you
sin against Christ. Therefore, if food causes my brother to stumble, I will never eat meat again, so that I will not cause my brother to
stumble."
So this is not merely a fault that doesn't matter. It causes the person who stumbles
ruined. Paul is talking about if a person's conscience is wounded, he is sinful And the one who causes this wound is also sinful. This is consistent with Romans 14, as with rest of the Bible.
Romans 14:20-23: "Do not tear down the work of God for the sake of food. All things indeed are clean, but they are
evil for the man who eats and gives offense. It is good not to eat meat or to drink wine, or to do anything by which your brother
stumbles. The faith which you have, have as your own conviction before God. Happy is he who does not condemn himself in what he approves. But he who doubts is condemned if he eats, because his eating is not from faith; and whatever is not from faith is
sin."
Whoever doubts is sinful, and whoever makes a person doubts is also sinful.