Which comes first? Faith or works?
Actually, if you want to be technical, a person had to take action in some way to either listen to God's Word or read it so as to believe the gospel message. For without the action taken to listen or read God's Word, one would not have any faith within it.
For faith comes by hearing and hearing the Word of God.
Granted, a person is not saved in just hearing the Word of God alone. They first must believe the gospel message. But again, (even though action of hearing God's Word does not save them) action is still a necessary step before hand by hearing God's Word before they could ever be saved by believing.
What saves? Faith or works?
It is both. They are two sides of the same coin. For you cannot have one without the other.
Yes, a person who does not have the opportunity to live out their faith to show any works like the thief on the cross can be saved by faith.
But most people do have to live out their faith, and works is just the natural by product of having a true faith (that is lived out by a believer).
Paul says that if works could save then there would be boasting.
In Romans 4, this is talking about the works of the law of Moses.
This is evident by the fact that Romans 3:1 says,
"What advantage then hath the Jew? or what profit is there of circumcision?"
Circumcision was a part of the Old Law.
This is the heresy Paul was addressing.
Paul was not talking about the good works that we were created in Christ Jesus to do, which God hath before ordained that we should walk in them (See Ephesians 2:10).
The Pharisee was boasting while the Publican was asking for mercy.
The problem is that the Pharisee did not humble himself before God and seek his mercy. The Parable is not saying that it was wrong for him to live a holy life. It was only wrong for him to think he was better than the tax collector whereby he did not confess his sins to God himself. Also, nowhere is this parable an endorsement for a believer to remain in his sins the rest of his life, either. It doesn't actually say that. In fact, we know Jesus wants us to stop sinning because he tells TWO people to: "Go and sin no more."
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