I realize this. OK let me put it this way. Because we have experienced consciousness nothing else will do. We would not swap it for anything regardless of what the alternative would be like. In other words there's no substitute.
It's not just that there's no
substitute, the alternative isn't
like anything, 'liking' is a conscious experience. IOW, it's not a question of '
nothing else will do', experientially there
is nothing else - the idea of 'swapping' consciousness for something else is meaningless. Without consciousness, there's no one to say 't
his won't do', or '
I don't like this'... That's the point.
How can it beg the question when as you have acknowledged consciousness has some influence on reality. If that's the case then any measure according to methodological naturalism is undermined and any explanation for reality is incomplete because it has not included the influence of consciousness.
It begs the question because it assumes what it is trying to argue. The evidence points to consciousness being a process of neural activity, i.e. as physical and material as fire or erosion.
Whether or not that is the case, whatever it consists of, it's clearly part of reality - as Descartes said, it's the only thing we can be certain is real (
cogito ergo sum). So as
part of reality, and because it's dynamic, it clearly influences reality, if only the reality it consists of (for epiphenomenalists). For those of us that are not strictly epiphenomenalist, i.e. who think that conscious processes have some influence on other brain activities, it has causal effect on our behaviour & physical activity.
This is a top-down view just for conceptual simplicity - all the macro-scale activities of the brain, including consciousness, are, the evidence suggests, (weakly) emergent from neuronal activities, so you could,
in principle, describe them in those bottom-up terms, but such a description would effectively be an emulation.
The problem I have is that this claim is not justified and even most scientists acknowledge that we don't know what the fundamental nature of consciousness is and that's it may even be beyond science (Hard problem of consciousness).
It's justified by
the scientific evidence that indicates it. When we interfere with specific parts of brain processing, we can fundamentally change correspondingly specific aspects of consciousness, and we can turn it on or off. AFAIK, there is no scientific evidence to the contrary. It's true that we don't yet know how consciousness arises, but most scientists also acknowledge that we don't know what is the fundamental nature of gravity, or quantum fields, or time, or the universe itself. We simply model them according to the evidence we
do have, and test the models as best we can.
According to scientific materialism fermions are the building blocks to matter. I liken this to a 'billiard ball schema' or a 'mechano set reality'. Things are reducible to natural mechanical processes according to the ' Closure of the Physical) where everything is traced back to a physical cause.
The 'billiard ball schema' or a 'meccano set reality' of classical physics has been superseded (or subsumed by) quantum mechanics - which is also entirely physical. A cause that has some physical effect is, ipso facto, a physical thing. There are physical events for which we don't yet know the causes, but that doesn't make the causes non-physical.
This is opposed to the immaterial nature of conscious experiences which are about qualia and more abstract. Under this view ideas like Mind, Information, Math, Art, Imagination are immaterial phenomena and cannot be reduced to mechanical physical processes.
You're confused over the ontology of concepts and abstractions. Mind and imagination are names by which we reify brain activity or processing - mind refers to that activity in general, imagination to a particular kind of activity.
Information, maths, and art, are abstract concepts referring to ways of acting in, interpreting, or modelling the world. The concepts themselves exist as physical patterns, e.g. brain activity or connectivity, representations on materials, sound waves, electromagnetic waves, etc. We think of them as non-physical because they are abstractions, labels for indirect representations of aspects of the world.
I think consciousness is still a developing paradigm. Its not so much any specific idea but that all ideas have things in common in that they pose something immaterial as fundamental reality. Call it Mind, Information, Spirituality, Simulation theory, the observer effect they all claim that the material world is an illusion and there is some Mind behind everything.
No, they don't. Throwing together a bunch of concepts you don't appear to understand and claiming that they claim the material world is an illusion is not an argument, it's empty assertion. For example, how does the observer effect 'claim' the material world is an illusion, when it explicitly requires the material world for its effect?
It seems to fit well with the data because any theory needs to include the observer or participator because we cannot separate this out of the equation. You only have to do a quick search and you will find various scientific articles on this.
Mainstream science already includes the observer/participator - are you not aware of biology and the behavioural sciences? The scientific method itself is designed to mitigate the errors and biases of human experimenters.
But that is what I am disputing that we have to conform to your list of criteria for explaining fundamental reality. If consciousness is beyond the material brain and methodological naturalism can only measure naturalistic material stuff then this is biased towards one set of criteria based on a restricted measuring method.
You made that up - I haven't given any list of such criteria - I have never claimed to have criteria for explaining fundamental reality, in fact, I told you that,
by definition, it can't be explained in terms of anything more fundamental.
If you can provide any evidence for, or any useful (e.g. predictive) model based on
anything to do with 'consciousness beyond the material brain', or any measuring criteria not based on methodological naturalism, now's your chance to shine - let's hear it.
There needs to be a paradigm shift as to what is included in any measure and how this is measured. Maybe experience is a better measure and we have to take our experiences more seriously as evidence because the measure from our sense data is too unreliable.
Experience is all we have. Science and the scientific method arose because our
interpretations of experience were unreliable. We developed interpretations that have been far more reliable. One such is that the idea of a non-physical immaterial realm is a useful psychological instrument, but nothing more.
We have an enormous amount of evidence from 1st hand experiences over thousands of years that have proven true and reliable in understanding reality.
So give us some of the best examples of
1st hand experiences that have
proven true and reliable in understanding reality, that were not based on methodological naturalism.
You ask "What else is there?" like there is only one answer and science has already found it. That is the issue I disagree with in the first place that you already know the answer and are unwilling to be open to other possibilities. That's more about an ontological claim then science.
Straw man - I made no claim, I just asked what else there is; you made the rest up. I suggest that's because you don't know either, you just want there to be something more.
actually that is exactly what scientists do using the science method. They already assume what the answer must be (naturalistic) and then create a measuring method that can only find natural physical stuff which excludes all other possibilities.Its like s self-fulfilling method. It can only find certain answers which happen to be exactly the ones designed to be found.
I've already explained why that's silly - scientists observe in any reliable way they can, using any reliable observational tools they can devise.
If you know of a reliable measuring method that can measure more or can measure unnatural non-physical 'stuff' then by all means describe or explain it.
I am not saying I know exactly what reality is but that its not just one thing. I am saying its a mixture of things such as from our sense data but also from our experiences and maybe other processes we are not and cannot be aware of.
Any explanation of reality needs to be all inclusive which means including the actual person who is at the center of everything 'ourselves', the scientists and observer of reality.
Sure, that's the objective.
The science method excludes the observer as a non-entity so any explanation will be incomplete.
No, it doesn't.