This is MY interpretation (below), from a plain reading of the text, & from taking the evidence of other verses into account. If you read the text plainly, & dont have to make huge illogical assumptions, then you are more likely to come to the CORRECT interpretation. If you need to twist everything to fit Jesus into it, you are probably butchering the true meaning. No Jewish person reading this text would have come to the conclusion that it is about the messiah, so it can not be a prophecy. It has only been interpreted this way AFTER the fact.As I understand it, the interpretation that the serpent as a malevolent and rebellious creature, aka "Satan", is foreign from contemporary Jewish thought.
It is, however, the ancient Christian view, and has its roots in 2nd Temple Period Judaism. While in post-Temple Judaism there isn't this idea of a "Devil", that idea is present in 2nd Temple Judaism.
The idea of rebellious and malevolent fallen angels, who have a leader, is a common theme in 2nd Temple Jewish literature. For example in the Book of Enoch there are angels known as "Watchers" who disobey God, their leader is known as Samyaza, in other works we find mention of a lead fallen angel named Samael, and Sataniel. This idea of fallen angels in 2nd Temple Jewish literature is highly influential on Christianity which emerged in the first century during the 2nd Temple period out of 2nd Temple period Judaism. So Christian writings, most obviously those which make up the New Testament, make frequent commentary about the existence of antagonistic and malevolent spiritual forces, using the Greek words daemon ("demon") and diabolos ("devil"). The New Testament also uses a direct transliteration of the Hebrew ha-Shaytan as "Satan", from the few cases of where that word is used in the books which Christians call the Old Testament, such as the book of Job.
It is also in 2nd Temple Jewish literature where the idea of the serpent in the Garden of Eden being this malevolent spirit, Satan or the devil, first shows up. A prime example of this is a first century work known as the Life of Adam and Eve. This work expands a lot on the Genesis story, and explicitly conflates the serpent with Satan, and mentions several encounters between Adam and the Satan (the serpent).
This is why Christianity, from its inception in the first century, has understood that serpent of Genesis as a reference to Satan, a fallen angel. That it is the devil that tempted and seduced Adam and Eve and, through their disobedience, brought them out of a state of peace and life with God into a state of estrangement from God; where sin and death have robbed them of their joy and life and has become a curse into which all human beings--and indeed--all creation now suffers.
It is within this context that Christians have seen in the statement made that the seed of the woman would bruise the serpent means that an offspring of Eve would destroy the power of the devil. So we read in that the victory of Jesus (whom we believe is the Messiah) over sin, death, hell, and the devil by His death and resurrection. So we are reading that passage in Genesis through the lens of what we believe about Jesus, through the lens of a Christian belief in and about Jesus of Nazareth.
And why would we locate Jesus there? Intrinsic to a Christian understanding of what Christians call the Old Testament is that these books are, ultimately, about Him. This is based on Jesus' own teaching and words, "You search the Scriptures because in them you believe you have eternal life, it is these which bear witness to Me." The Christian view of Scripture is that it is ultimately Jesus-centric. That Jesus is the Messiah, and so we read these books Messianically, in some cases that is because there was already a messianic interpretation at the time of certain passages; and in other cases it is because we have consistently been searching to find Jesus in these books. It is an intrinsic and essential aspect of Christian biblical interpretation: These books are ultimately about Jesus, that is an article of Christian faith: The Bible is always about Jesus.
That is how we get to that interpretation.
-CryptoLutheran
The below is totally MY interpretation, not from a Rabbi or anybody else.
If you look at all the other verses in the Old Testament that support this verse, you will NOT come to the conclusion that Genesis 3:15 is about Jesus destroying Satan. You have to IGNORE all of the other verses if you want to cling to this conclusion.
If we look at Genesis 3:1:
"Now the serpent was more crafty than any of the wild animals the Lord God had made. He said to the woman, “Did God really say, ‘You must not eat from any tree in the garden’?” "
This is a description of the original form of the animal that is in genesis 3:15. It makes it clear that this is an ANIMAL, that God made when he created the other animals in genesis. It doesn't say anything about this being a fallen angel, that was previously in the heavens, like Christians believe that Satan was.
In Genesis 3:14:
So the Lord God said to the serpent, “Because you have done this,
“Cursed are you above all livestock
and all wild animals!
You will crawl on your belly
and you will eat dust
all the days of your life.
This is describing the condition of this animal AFTER it has been cursed, which is what we see in SNAKES today. This does NOT match the description of Satan in Job, where Satan is described as an Angel who roams the earth. It does not say in Job that Satan crawls on his belly. It also makes it clear in Job that Satan & God are on speaking terms. They are not arch enemies in Job.
Genesis 3:15:
And I will put enmity
between you and the woman,
and between your offspring[a] and hers;
he will crush[b] your head,
and you will strike his heel.”
This verse states that God will put enmity between Eve, & THIS particular serpent (so Eve & THIS Serpent will hate one another for the rest of THEIR days). THIS snake will die, just as Eve will die, as it is a mortal snake.
God ALSO puts enmity between Eves offspring (all of her descendants, which is all of mankind) & all of the serpents descendants (which is all of the snakes we see today). As far as I am aware, Satan had NO descendants.
The fact that god refers to only Eves seed in the above passage, is because god is only talking to Eve & the Serpent. He is not addressing Adam in this verse. it has nothing to do with a virgin birth.
The word "he" as in "he will crush your head" is just a collective term for all of eves descendants. You will often see the term "he" in Jewish scriptures to describe nations & tribes.
We also have Genesis 49:16 & 17, which uses very similar language when describing a snake:
Genesis 49:
16 “Dan[h] will provide justice for his people
as one of the tribes of Israel.
17 Dan will be a snake by the roadside,
a viper along the path,
that bites the horse’s heels
so that its rider tumbles backward.
There is no way that you can imply that the above 2 verses are about Satan.
There is NOTHING in the old testament to suggest that this is a prophecy about The Messiah. You have to jump to unfounded conclusion after unfounded conclusion to reach this interpretation. A prophecy is useless if you can only read it into the text AFTER the fact.
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