For those who just want a summary:
Colossians 2:16-17 says:
16 So let no one judge you in food or in drink, or regarding a feast or a new moon or sabbaths, 17 which are a shadow of things to come, but the substance is of Christ.
Adventists assert that the "sabbath" portion does not include the weekly sabbath, but only "yearly" sabbath such as the Day of Atonement, etc.
However, this listing is not something new, but is seen in a number of parallel Old Testament texts.
Here are some examples:
1 Chronicles 23:25 For David said, “The Lord God of Israel has given rest to His people, that they may dwell in Jerusalem forever”; 26 and also to the Levites, “They shall no longer carry the tabernacle, or any of the articles for its service.” 27 For by the last words of David the Levites were numbered from twenty years old and above; 28 because their duty was to help the sons of Aaron in the service of the house of the Lord, in the courts and in the chambers, in the purifying of all holy things and the work of the service of the house of God, 29 both with the showbread and the fine flour for the grain offering, with the unleavened cakes and what is baked in the pan, with what is mixed and with all kinds of measures and sizes; 30 to stand every morning to thank and praise the Lord, and likewise at evening; 31 and at every presentation of a burnt offering to the Lord on the Sabbaths and on the New Moons and on the set feasts, by number according to the ordinance governing them, regularly before the Lord; 32 and that they should attend to the needs of the tabernacle of meeting, the needs of the holy place, and the needs of the sons of Aaron their brethren in the work of the house of the Lord.
2 Chronicles 2:4 Behold, I am building a temple for the name of the Lord my God, to dedicate it to Him, to burn before Him sweet incense, for the continual showbread, for the burnt offerings morning and evening, on the Sabbaths, on the New Moons, and on the set feasts of the Lord our God. This is an ordinance forever to Israel.
2 Chronicles 8:13 according to the daily rate, offering according to the commandment of Moses, for the Sabbaths, the New Moons, and the three appointed yearly feasts—the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the Feast of Weeks, and the Feast of Tabernacles.
2 Chronciles 31:2 And Hezekiah appointed the divisions of the priests and the Levites according to their divisions, each man according to his service, the priests and Levites for burnt offerings and peace offerings, to serve, to give thanks, and to praise in the gates of the camp of the Lord. 3 The king also appointed a portion of his possessions[ for the burnt offerings: for the morning and evening burnt offerings, the burnt offerings for the Sabbaths and the New Moons and the set feasts, as it is written in the Law of the Lord.
Nehemiah 10:32 Also we made ordinances for ourselves, to exact from ourselves yearly one-third of a shekel for the service of the house of our God: 33 for the showbread, for the regular grain offering, for the regular burnt offering of the Sabbaths, the New Moons, and the set feasts; for the holy things, for the sin offerings to make atonement for Israel, and all the work of the house of our God.
Ezekiel 45:17 Then it shall be the prince’s part to give burnt offerings, grain offerings, and drink offerings, at the feasts, the New Moons, the Sabbaths, and at all the appointed seasons of the house of Israel. He shall prepare the sin offering, the grain offering, the burnt offering, and the peace offerings to make atonement for the house of Israel.”
Hosea 2:11 I will also cause all her mirth to cease, Her feast days, Her New Moons,Her Sabbaths—All her appointed times.
Additionally, a key longer passage spells out the appointed times and the sacrifices for each one, which is Numbers 28-29.
Most think the lists in 1 and 2 Chronicles and Nehemiah are largely referring to the long-form information spelled out in Numbers 28-29 regarding what offerings are to be made on the various appointed times. One of the listing texts specifies "according to the commandment of Moses," in an apparent allusion to Numbers 28-29.
The weekly sabbath is included in Numbers 28, and has a sacrifice associated with it.
Numbers 28:9 And on the sabbath day two lambs of the first year without spot, and two tenth deals of flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, and the drink offering thereof:
10 This is the burnt offering of every sabbath, beside the continual burnt offering, and his drink offering.
Therefore if some of the shorter listing passages are summations of Numbers 28-29 they would include the weekly sabbath.
In another of the summary lists in Ezekiel 45 we see that the weekly Sabbath is included. We can tell because the rest of the context spells out the elements, including reference to the weekly Sabbath:
Eze 45:17 It shall be the prince's duty to furnish the burnt offerings, grain offerings, and drink offerings, at the feasts, the new moons, and the Sabbaths, all the appointed feasts of the house of Israel: he shall provide the sin offerings, grain offerings, burnt offerings, and peace offerings, to make atonement on behalf of the house of Israel.
Eze 46:1 “Thus says the Lord GOD: The gate of the inner court that faces east shall be shut on the six working days, but on the Sabbath day it shall be opened, and on the day of the new moon it shall be opened.
Eze 46:2 The prince shall enter by the vestibule of the gate from outside, and shall take his stand by the post of the gate. The priests shall offer his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he shall worship at the threshold of the gate. Then he shall go out, but the gate shall not be shut until evening.
Eze 46:3 The people of the land shall bow down at the entrance of that gate before the LORD on the Sabbaths and on the new moons.
Eze 46:4 The burnt offering that the prince offers to the LORD on the Sabbath day shall be six lambs without blemish and a ram without blemish.
Eze 46:5 And the grain offering with the ram shall be an ephah, and the grain offering with the lambs shall be as much as he is able, together with a hin of oil to each ephah.
The reference to six working days refers back to the Sabbath commandment in Exodus 20, and makes clear it is the weekly Sabbath.
Moreover, note the close parallel to Col. 2
"burnt offerings, grain offerings, and drink offerings, at the feasts, the new moons, and the Sabbaths"
You have food and drink offerings, which is likely the reference in Col. 2 to in regards to food and drink
16 So let no one judge you in food or in drink, or regarding a festival or a new moon or sabbaths
So just as in Numbers 28-29, and the passages that summarize them, you have the weekly sabbath included, so in Ezekiel 45 the similar list includes the weekly Sabbath.
Paul is aware of this OT usage, and his listing of appointed times parallels these passages. Therefore, there is every reason to believe the weekly sabbath is included in his list.
