I'm not interested in "extra-biblical" writings if these writings are contrary to the teaching of God's word!
The Bible does not teach baptismal regeneration, that one's sins are forgiven by being baptised. Baptism is an outward sign of inward grace. It is not the means by which one is saved - Mark 16:16 says that belief (or the lack thereof) is what saves (or damns)
As to your verses, let's look at a few of them for clarification:
Acts 2:38 -
For the remission of sins. Not merely the sin of crucifying the Messiah, but of all sins.
There is nothing in baptism itself that can wash away sin. That can be done only by the pardoning mercy of God through the atonement of Christ. But baptism is expressive of a willingness to be pardoned in that way; and a solemn declaration of our conviction that there is no other way of remission. He who comes to be baptized, comes with a professed conviction that he is a sinner, that there is no other way of mercy but in the gospel, and with a professed willingness to comply with the terms of salvation, and receive it as it is offered through Jesus Christ. (Barnes)
Acts 22:16
And wash away thy sins.
Receive baptism, as an act expressive of the washing away of sins.
It cannot be intended that the external rite of baptism was sufficient to make the soul pure, but that it was an ordinance divinely appointed as expressive of the washing away of sins, or of purifying the heart. Comp. Heb 10:22. Sinners are represented in the Scriptures as defiled or polluted by sin.
To wash away the sins denotes the purifying of the soul from this polluted influence, 1Co 6:11; Re 1:5; 7:14; Isa 1:16; Ps 51:2,7. (Barnes)
Rom. 6: 3,4
Is an analogy - just as Christ died and was raised, so we, in baptism,"... are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father,
even so we also should walk in newness of life"
Romans 6:10 (KJV) For in that he died, he died unto sin once: but in that he liveth, he liveth unto God.
"The picture in baptism points two ways, backwards to Christ's death and burial and to our death to sin (verse Ro 6:1), forwards to Christ's resurrection from the dead and to our new life pledged by the coming out of the watery grave to walk on the other side of the baptismal grave (F. B. Meyer)." (A.T. Robertson)
Gal. 3:26, 27
What the apostle had asserted in the foregoing verse, he proves in this; namely,
that all believers are the children of God, through faith in Christ Jesus, because they are baptized into Christ and have put on Christ;
Col. 2:12
One purpose of baptism is
to symbolise the death and burial of the old man, and that by the mighty power of God alone, whose power we lay hold on by faith, in the death and resurrection of Christ; we do not need an external sign to the extent which our fathers had,
seeing that our baptism is a most effectual pledge and witness, of that inward restoring and renewing. (Geneva)
Faith in God's mighty operation in raising again Jesus, is saving faith (Ro 4:24; 10:9); and it is wrought in the soul by His same "mighty working" whereby He "raised Jesus from the dead" (Eph 1:19-20). (J-F-B)
1 Pet. 3:21
The sense is, that baptism, including all that is properly meant by
baptism as a religious rite--that is, baptism administered in connexion with true repentance, and true faith in the Lord Jesus, and when it is properly a symbol of the putting away of sin, and of the renewing influences of the Holy Spirit, and an act of unreserved dedication to God--now saves us.
It may be said to save us,
not as the meritorious cause, but as the indispensable condition of salvation.
No man can be saved without that regenerated and purified heart of which baptism is the appropriate symbol, and when it would be proper to administer that ordinance.
The apostle cannot have meant that water saves us in the same way in which it saved Noah, for that cannot be true. It is neither the same in quantity, nor is it applied in the same way,
nor is it efficacious in the same manner. It is indeed connected with our salvation in its own proper way,
as an emblem of that purifying of the heart by which we are saved. (Barnes)
Christ with his inward virtue, which the outward baptism shadows, preserves us being washed, so that we may call upon God with a good conscience. (Geneva)
by the resurrection of Jesus--joined with "saves you": In so far as baptism applies to us the power of Christ's resurrection. As Christ's death unto sin is the source of the believer's death unto, and so deliverance from, sin's penalty and power; so
His resurrection life is the source of the believer's new spiritual life.
As you hopefully can clearly see, baptism is symbolic of what happens when regeneration comes as a result of belief in Christ. Baptism is an ordinance, a commandment even, but as Mark 16:16 says, it is unbelief that damns a person, NOT that they were not baptised. Mark did not say "and he who does not believe and is not baptised shall be damned" leading one to belief that baptism is not necessary nor salvific to effect or bring about salvation in a person's life. Only repentance, faith and regeneration of the Spirit brings salvation.
Ephesians 5:26 (KJV) That he might sanctify and cleanse it
with the washing of water by the word,
Titus 3:5 (KJV) Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us,
by the washing of regeneration,
and renewing of the Holy Ghost;
Ray